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  • 1 πηλός

    πηλός, οῦ, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; OGI 483, 61; CPR 232, 17; POxy 1450, 4; LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph.; Mel., P. 36, 247; Ath.)
    ① clay
    ⓐ used in making pottery (Trag. et al.; Polyb. 15, 35, 2: the potter deals with ὁ τροχός [=potter’s wheel] and ὁ πηλός; Is 29:16; 41:25; Jer 18:6; Sir 33:13) Ro 9:21 (cp. esp. Wsd 15:7).—In a comparison that has allegorical traits humankind is called πηλὸς εἰς τὴν χεῖρα τοῦ τεχνίτου 2 Cl 8:2 (= ἐν τῇ χειρί, s. εἰς 1aδ).
    ⓑ Like the pliable material which the artist uses (TestNapht 2:2; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 252; Mel.), clay is also the material fr. which humankind is made (cp. Aristoph., Av. 686 πηλοῦ πλάσματα of humans; Callim. Fgm. 493; Herodas 2, 28f; Epict. 4, 11, 27; Lucian, Prom. 13; Themist., Or. 32 after Aesop; Job 10:9) 1 Cl 39:5 (Job 4:19).
    ② mud, mire (Pla., Parm. 130c π. καὶ ῥύπος; Plut., Marius 414 [16, 7], Mor. 993e; 1059f οἱ πηλὸν ἢ κονιορτὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ σώματος ἔχοντες), esp. of the soft mass produced when the ground is wet, e.g. on the roads (Aeneas Tact. 1421; Herodas 1, 14; Arrian, Anab. 5, 15, 2; 2 Km 22:43; Zech 9:3; 10:5; Jos., Ant. 1, 244; cp. JosAs 13:6). Jesus ἔπτυσεν χαμαὶ καὶ ἐποίησεν πηλὸν ἐκ τοῦ πτύσματος J 9:6a (π. ποιεῖν like Chariton 1, 3, 2); cp. vss. 6b, 11, 14, 15. For the use of πηλός in the healing art of ancient times, even on the part of benevolent divinities s. Hdb. ad loc. and KRengstorf, Die Anfänge der Auseinandersetzung zw. Christusglaube u. Asklepiosfrömmigkeit ’53, 39f, n. 61.—B. 20. Schmidt, Syn. II 191–99, s. βόρβορος. DELG. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πηλός

  • 2 εἰμί

    A sum), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἔμμι Sapph.2.15, Theoc.20.32; Cret. [full] ἠμί GDI 4959a; [ per.] 2sg. εἶ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.

    εἰς Od.17.388

    , al., [dialect] Aeol. ἔσσι, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Dor.

    ἐσσί Il.1.176

    , Pi.O.6.90, Sophr.134;

    ἐσί GDI4959a

    ; [ per.] 3sg. ἐστί, [dialect] Dor.

    ἐντί IG12(1).677

     ([place name] Rhodes), Theoc.1.17, etc.; [ per.] 3 dual

    ἐστόν Th.3.112

    ; [ per.] 1pl. ἐσμέν, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. εἰμέν (also in Pi.P.3.60),

    ἐμέν Call.Fr. 294

    , [dialect] Dor.

    εἰμές Theoc.15.73

    , but

    ἠμέν GDI5178.34

    ; [ per.] 3pl. εἰσί ([etym.] - ίν), [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἔασι ([etym.] - ιν) Il.7.73, Xenoph.8.1, Antim.29, Herod.4.84, [dialect] Dor.

    ἐντί Pi.N.1.24

    , Theoc.11.45, IG9(1).32.22 ([place name] Phocis), etc.: imper. ἴσθι (

    ἔσθι Hecat.361

     J.), [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also in [voice] Med. form

    ἔσσο Od.3.200

    , Sapph.1.28, Maced.Pae.31, late Prose

    ἔσο Plu.2.241d

    , M.Ant.3.5, Hld.5.12, Porph.Marc.34; [ per.] 3sg. ἔστω (

    ἤτω LXXPs.103.31

    , and late Inscrr., CIG2664, al.; but in Pl.R. 361c leg. ἴτω), [dialect] Dor. εἴτω, ἤτω, Heraclid. ap. Eust.1411.21, Elean

    ἤστω Schwyzer 424

    ; [ per.] 3pl. ἔστωσαν, but

    ἔστων Hom.

    , Pl.R. 502a,

    ὄντων Id.Lg. 879b

    , and early [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG12.22, etc. ( ἔστωσαν first in ii B. C., ib.22.1328), [dialect] Dor. ἐόντων ib.1126: subj. ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, [dialect] Ep.

    ἔω Od.9.18

    ; [ per.] 3sg.

    ἔῃ Il.12.300

    ,al. (also

    ἔῃσι 2.366

    , al., ᾖσι ([etym.] ν) 19.202, Hes.Op. 294), also [dialect] Boeot.

    ἔνθω IG7.3172.165

    ,

    μετείω Il.23.47

     and perh.

    εἴῃ 9.245

    , etc.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl.

    ὦντι SIG940.3

     ([place name] Crete),

    ἔωντι GDI5040.14

     ([place name] Hierapytna), [dialect] Boeot.

    ἴωνθι IG7.3171.46

     (iii B. C.): opt. εἴην, -ης (

    εἴησθα Thgn.715

    ), -η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Il.9.284, 142, al., cf. Hdt.7.6; [ per.] 3pl.

    εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1911.133

     ([place name] Gonni); [ per.] 3 dual

    εἴτην Pl. Prm. 149e

    , Sph. 243e; [ per.] 1pl.

    εἶμεν E.Alc. 921

     (lyr.), Pl.; [ per.] 2pl.

    εἶτε Od. 21.195

    ; [ per.] 3pl.

    εἶεν Il.2.372

    , etc.,

    εἴησαν Hdt.1.2

    , etc.; Elean ἔα, = εἴη, SIG9 (vi B. C.), and σύν-εαν, = συνεῖεν, GDI 1149 (vi B. C.): inf. εἶναι, Arc.

    ἦναι SIG306.9

     (Tegea, iv B. C.); [dialect] Ep. ἔμμεναι (also [dialect] Aeol.

    ἔμμεν' Sapph.34

    ), ἔμμεν (also Pi.P.6.42, S.Ant. 623 (lyr.)), ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also

    ἔμειν SIG1166

     ([place name] Dodona); [dialect] Dor. εἶμεν Foed. ap. Th.5.77,79, IG7.1.7 ([place name] Megara),

    ἦμεν Test.Epict.5.16

    , Tab.Heracl.1.75, Cret. ἦμεν or

    ἤμην Leg.Gort.1.15

    , al., GDI4998i 2, al., Megar.

    εἴμεναι Ar.Ach. 775

    ,

    εἴμειν IG12(1).155.100

     ([place name] Rhodes), 14.952 ([place name] Agrigentum); εἶν ib. 12(9).211.10 ([place name] Eretria), SIG135.4 ([place name] Olynthus), etc.: part. ὤν, [dialect] Ep. ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Cypr.

    ἰών Inscr.Cypr.135.23

     H.; [dialect] Boeot. fem.

    ἰῶσα IG 7.3172.116

     (Orchom.), [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. fem.

    ἔσσα Sapph.75.4

    , IG4.952.2 (Epid.), Theoc.28.16,

    ἐοῖσα Pi.P.4.265

    ,

    ἔασσα Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 9

    , Diotog. ap. Stob.4.7.62,

    εὖσα Erinn.5.5

     (also [dialect] Ion., Herod.5.16,

    εὔντων 2.85

    ),

    ἐᾶσα Ti.Locr.96d

    , IG5(1).1470.8 ([place name] Messene),

    ἴαττα Leg.Gort.8.47

    ; acc. sg.

    εὖντα Theoc.2.3

    ; nom. sg. εἴς in Heraclid. ap. Eust.1756.13, pl.

    ἔντες Tab.Heracl.1.117

    ; dat. pl. ἔντασσι ib.104; gen. pl.

    παρ-έντων Alcm. 64

    : [tense] impf.

    ἦν Il.2.77

    , etc., [dialect] Ep. ἔον (also [dialect] Aeol., Alc.127, Sapph.Oxy. 1787 Fr.3 ii 21), in [dialect] Att. ἦ (dub. in [dialect] Aeol., Alc. Supp.14.9), Ar.Pl.77, Pl.Phd. 61b, etc., but usu. altered to ἦν in codd. (and ἦν is required by metre in E. Ion 280), [var] contr. from [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἦα (Il.5.808, al., IG12(8).449.2 ([place name] Thasos), whence Hom.and later [dialect] Ion.

    ἔᾱ Il.4.321

    , al.,

    ἔας Hdt.1.187

    ,

    ἔατε Id.4.119

    ); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ἦεν, always with ν in Hom.; ἔην as [ per.] 1sg., only Il.11.762 (s. v.l., al. ἔον), freq. as [ per.] 3sg. (generally before a consonant, so that ἔεν is possible), sts. also ἤην; [ per.] 2sg. ἦσθα, later ἦς (wh. is v.l. in Pi.I.1.26), sts. in LXX (Jd. 11.35, Ru.3.2,al.), cf. Pl.Ax. 365e, Erinn.4.4, Ev.Matt.25.21, al.,

    ἦσθας Men.Epit. 156

    , [dialect] Ep. ἔησθα; [ per.] 3sg. ἦν, [dialect] Ep. ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (v. supr.), [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol.

    ἦς Alc.Supp.30.1

    , Epich.102, Sophr.59, Theoc.2.90, SIG241.145 (Delph.); [ per.] 3 dual

    ἤστην Il.5.10

    , E.Hipp. 387, Ar.Eq. 982, Pl.Euthd. 272a, al.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1pl.

    ἦμες Plu.Lyc.21

    ; [ per.] 2pl.

    ἦτε Pl.Euthd. 276c

    ,

    ἦστε Ar. Pax 821

    , Ec. 1086; [ per.] 3pl. ἦσαν, [dialect] Ion. and Poet. ἔσαν (in Hes.Th. 321, 825, ἦν is not pl. for ἦσαν, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, v. infr. v, but is [ per.] 3pl. in Epich.46, al., SIG560.15 (Epidamnus, iii B. C.)); [dialect] Aeol.

    ἔον Schwyzer 644.12

    ; later

    ἤμην PSI4.362.21

     (iii B. C.), SIG527.46 (Crete, iii B. C.), IGRom.4.1740 ([place name] Cyme), always in LXX as Ba.1.19, cf. Ev.Matt.23.30, Plu.2.174a, etc., and sts. in codd. of earlier writers, Lys.7.34, Trag.Adesp. 124 (cited from E. Hel. 931 by Choerob. and from Id.Tr. 474 by Aps.), X.Cyr.6.1.9, Hyp.Ath.26, [ per.] 2sg.

    ἦσο Epigr.Gr.379

     ([place name] Aezani), [ per.] 3sg.

    ἦστο Supp.Epigr. 1.455.7

     ([place name] Phrygia), [ per.] 1pl.

    ἤμεθα PPetr.2p.11

     (iii B. C.), LXX Ba.1.19, 1 Ki.25.16, Ep.Eph.2.3; subj.

    ὦμαι PBaden 48.12

     (ii B. C.), ἦται GDI 1696, ἦνται prob. in IG5(1).1390.83 ([place name] Andania); [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. also ἔσκον, used by A.Pers. 656 (lyr.): [tense] fut. ἔσομαι, ἔσται, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Aeol. also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσεται; [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 2sg. ἔσσῃ prob. in Alc.67,87; [dialect] Dor. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, Il.2.393, 13.317, Theoc.10.5, [ per.] 3pl. ἐσσοῦνται Foed. ap. Th.5.77 codd. (but

    ἔσσονται Tab.Heracl.1.113

    ), inf.

    ἐσσεῖσθαι Sophr.57

    .—All forms of the [tense] pres.ind. are enclitic (exc. [ per.] 2sg. εἶ and [ per.] 3pl. ἔασι); but [ per.] 3sg. is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ', Hdn.Gr.1.553 (also μή acc. to EM301.3); later Gramm. wrote ἔστι as Subst. Verb, Phot., Eust.880.22.
    A as the Subst. Verb,
    I of persons, exist,

    οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ' ἔσσεται Od.16.437

    ; ἔτ' εἰσί they are still in being, 15.433, cf. S.Ph. 445, etc.;

    τεθνηῶτος.. μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος Od.1.289

    ; οὐκέτ' ἐστί he is no more, E.Hipp. 1162; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long- lived, Il.6.131; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, Th.2.45,44; οἱ ὄντες the living, Plb.9.29.2; ὁ ὤν the Eternal, LXX Ex.3.14, al., Ph.1.289;

    θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες Il.1.290

    ; ἐσσόμενοι posterity, 2.119;

    κἀγὼ γὰρ ἦ ποτ', ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ' ἔτι E.Hec. 284

    ; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Pl.Smp. 190c;

    ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων D.18.72

    , cf. Arist.GC 318b25; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Hdt.3.17, etc.; of cities,

    ὄλωλεν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ἐστὶ Τροία E.Tr. 1292

    , cf. Heracl. 491; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Plu.Cat.Ma.27; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, D.8.17; of money, to be in hand,

    τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων IG12.91.25

    ; τὰ ὄντα property, Pl.Grg. 511a, Plu.Ant.24, etc.; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ .. future revenue from.., BCH46.420 (Olymos, i B. C.); of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, Act.Ap.13.1; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, BGU146.4, etc.; in office,

    ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων PPar.5.4

    (ii B. C.); αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powers that be, Ep. Rom.13.1.
    II of the real world, be, opp. become,

    γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι Pl.Tht. 152d

    , etc.; τὸ ὄν Being, Parm.8.35, Protag.2, Pl.Ti. 27d, etc.; opp. τὸ μὴ ὄν, Gorg.Fr.3 D., etc.;

    οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος Epicur.Ep. 1p.5U.

    ;

    ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐποίησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεός LXX 2 Ma.7.28

    ; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, Heraclit.7, Emp.129.5, etc.; ὄνindecl., τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, Plot.6.2.10.
    2 of circumstances, events, etc., to happen,

    τά τ' ἐόντα, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70

    ;

    ἡ ἐσβολὴ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι Th.2.13

    , etc.; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, Id.4.103; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, Id.1.58;

    αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται Id.4.118

    ; τί ἐστιν; what is it? what's the matter? Ar.Th. 193; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; how came it to pass? Pl.Phd. 58a: repeated with a relat. to avoid a positive assertion, ἔστι δ' ὅπῃ νῦν ἔ. things are as they are, i.e. are ill, A.Ag.67.
    III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, Th.1.10; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, Pl.Smp. 211c, cf. Phd. 74b; freq. in part., τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, Hdt.1.95, 116; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth, ib. 30;

    τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν Th.7.8

    ; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, S.El. 584, Ar.Ra. 1052; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Pl.Prt. 328d, etc.; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Il.6.484), X.HG7.2.9, cf. Pl. La. 196d; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, rightly, Hdt.1.97; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, Id.9.11;

    τοῦ ἐόντος ἀποτεύξεται Hp.VM 2

    .
    IV folld. by the relat., οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one,

    οὐκ ἔσθ' ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι Il.22.348

    ;

    οὐκ ἔ. οὐδεὶς ὅς E.El. 903

    ; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, = οὐδενί, A.Pr. 293 (anap.), cf. 989: freq. in pl., εἰσὶν οἵ, = Lat. sunt qui, used exactly like ἔνιοι, Th.6.88, 7.44, Pl.Men. 77d, Grg. 503a, etc. ( εἰσί τινες οἵ .. Th.3.24); ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Id.1.12,65;

    ἐστὶν ἃ εἰπεῖν Id.2.67

    ;

    ἦσαν οἵ X.An.5.2.14

    ; the sg. Verb is used even with masc. and fem. pl., ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Hp.Fract.1, VC4, X.Cyr.2.3.16; more freq. in oblique cases,

    ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν Hdt.7.187

    ;

    ἐστὶν ἀφ' ὧν Th.8.65

    ; ἐστὶ παρ' οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Id.1.23, 5.25: in questions ὅστις is used, ἔστιν ἥντινα δόξαν.. ἀπεκρίνατο; Pl.Men. 85b: with relat. Particles, ἐστὶν ἔνθα, = Lat. est ubi, X.Cyr.7.4.15, etc.; ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ' ὅπου, somehow, somewhere, Pl.Prt. 331d, A.Eu. 517, S.OT 448, etc.; in questions expecting a neg. answer, ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπως; Pl.Phlb. 35a, R. 493e, etc.;

    οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' ὅπως Pi.Fr.61

    , cf. Hdt.7.102, A.Ag. 620; οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, Ar. Pax 188;

    οὐκ ἔ. ὡς Pl. Men. 76e

    , etc.; ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ' ὅτε, sometimes, Pi.Fr.180.2, S.Aj.56, Th. 7.21, etc.
    V ἦν is sts. used with pl. masc. and fem., usu. at the beginning of a sentence, there was,

    τῆς δ' ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί Hes.Th. 321

    ; (but in

    ἦν δ' ἐρῳδιοί τε πολλοί Epich.46

    , cf. 59, al., it may be taken as [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl.);

    ἦν δ' ἀμφίπλεκτοι κλίμακες S.Tr. 520

     (lyr.); ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι Epigr. ap. Aeschin.3.184; less freq.

    ἔστι, ἔστι δὲ μεταξὺ.. ἑπτὰ στάδιοι Hdt.1.26

    , cf. 7.34;

    ἔστι.. ἄρχοντές τε καὶ δῆμος Pl.R. 463a

    ; before dual Nouns, Ar.V.58, Pl.Grg. 500d.
    VI ἔστι impers., c. inf., it is possible,

    ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Il.20.246

    ;

    ἔστι μὲν εὕδειν, ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν Od. 15.392

    ; εἴ τί πού ἐστι (sc. πιθέσθαι) 4.193;

    τοιάδε.. ἐστὶν ἀκοῦσαι A. Pr. 1055

     (anap.);

    ἔστι τεκμήρια ὁρᾶν X.An.3.2.13

    , cf. Ar.Ra. 1163, Aeschin.3.105, D.18.272, Arist.Ath.53.6, etc.; so in imper., opt., and subj.,

    ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ IG12.10.7

    ;

    μυρία ἂν εἴη λέγειν Pl.Plt. 271e

    ;

    ὅπως ἂν ᾖ δρᾶν IG2.1054.91

    : more freq. in neg. clauses, Il.6.267, etc.; folld. by ὥστε c. inf., S.Ph. 656: c. acc. et inf.,

    ἁδόντα δ' εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν Pi.P.2.96

    ;

    ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία A.Pr. 757

    : sts. not impers. in this sense,

    θάλασσα δ' οὐκέτ' ἦν ἰδεῖν Id.Pers. 419

    .
    B most freq., to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence, signify, import,

    τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν Pl.Cra. 398d

    ; esp. in the phrase τοῦτ' ἔστι, hoc est;

    Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν Plu.Publ.17

    : with numerals, τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίν twice five are ten, X.Mem.4.4.7; εἶναί τις or τι, to be somebody, something, be of some consequence, v. τις; οὐδὲν εἶναι Pl.R. 562d, etc.
    2 periphr. with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: with [tense] pf. part. once in Hom., τετληότες εἰμέν, for τετλήκαμεν, Il.5.873; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, A. Ag. 869; ἔσται δεδορκώς ib. 1179;

    εἰμὶ γεγώς S.Aj. 1299

    ;

    πεφυκός ἐστι Ar.Av. 1473

    ;

    δεδρακότες εἰσίν Th.3.68

    ;

    κατακεκονότες ἔσεσθε X.An.7.6.36

    : with [tense] aor. part., once in Hom.,

    βλήμενος ἦν Il.4.211

    ; so προδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσει; S.OT90, 1146, cf. A.Supp. 460: with [tense] pres. part.,

    ἦν προκείμενον Id.Pers. 371

    ;

    φεύγων Ὀρέστης ἐστίν Id.Ch. 136

    ;

    εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὖ φρονῶν S.Aj. 1330

    ; τί δ' ἐστί.. φέρον; Id.OT 991, cf. 274, 708;

    λέγων ἐστίν τις E.Hec. 1179

    ;

    ἦν τίς σ' ὑβρίζων Id.HF 313

    ;

    πόρρω ἤδη εἶ πορευόμενος Pl.Ly. 204b

    ;

    βαδίζων εἰμί Ar.Ra. 36

    ; freq. in Hdt.,

    ἦσαν ἱέντες 1.57

    , al.; even

    εἰσὶ διάφοροι ἐόντες 3.49

     (s.v.l.):— if the Art. is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic, Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντες the persons who showed her were Carians, Id.1.171;

    αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν A.Eu. 798

    ;

    δόλος ἦν ὁ φράσας S.El. 197

     (anap.).
    C εἶναι is freq. modified in sense by the addition of Advbs., or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.:
    I εἶναι with Advbs., where the Adv. often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate,

    ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι Il.14.122

    , etc.; ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι, to be silent, 4.22, Od.2.82;

    σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς E.Hec. 532

    ;

    διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il.7.424

    ; ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go on safely, Hdt.4.134; ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, Th.6.88, Pl.Prt. 356e: freq. impers. with words implying good or ill fortune, Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν it fared ill with them, Il.9.551;

    εὖ γὰρ ἔσται E.Med.89

    , cf. Ar.Pl. 1188, etc.;

    ἡδέως ἂν αὐτοῖς εἴη D.59.30

    .
    II c. gen., to express descent or extraction,

    πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαθοῖο Il.21.109

    ;

    αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο Od. 4.611

    , cf. Hdt.3.71, Th.2.71, etc.;

    πόλεως μεγίστης εἶ X.An.7.3.19

    .
    d to express that a thing belongs to another,

    Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν A.Ag. 269

    ;

    τὸ πεδίον ἦν μέν κοτε Χορασμίων Hdt.3.117

    , etc.: hence, to be of the party of,

    ἦσαν.. τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου D.9.56

    , cf. 37.53; to be de pendent upon, S.Ant. 737, etc.; to be at the mercy of,

    ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ Id.OT 917

    .
    e to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and the like , οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tis not a woman's part, A.Ag. 940;

    τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι D.1.16

    ; τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter of art, requires art, Th.1.142, cf.83.
    III with the dat., ἐστί μοι I have, freq. in Hom., etc.
    3 with ἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould be to my delight, Il.14.108;

    οὐκ ἂν σφίσι βουλομένοις εἶναι Th.7.35

    ;

    προσδεχομένῳ Id.6.46

    ;

    θέλοντι S.OT 1356

     (lyr.);

    ἡδομένοις Pl.La. 187c

    .
    IV with Preps., εἶναι ἀπό τινος, = εἶναί τινος (supr. 11.a), X.Mem.1.6.9;

    εἰσὶν ἀπ' ἐναντίων αὗται πραγμάτων Pl.Phlb. 12d

    ; but εἶναι ἀπ' οἴκου to be away from.., Th.1.99.
    2 εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprung from, εἴμ' ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, Il.21.154, 24.397, etc.; ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it is of necessity, i. e. necessary, Pl.Sph. 256d.
    3 εἶναι ἐν .. to be in a certain state,

    ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι Hdt.1.22

    ; ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., Th.6.46, etc.;

    ἐν ταραχαῖς D.18.218

    ; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to be in esteem, Th.1.130; οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντες those in office, Hdt.3.18, etc.; but εἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engaged in.., S.OT 562, Pl.Phd. 59a.
    b ἐν σοί ἐστι it depends on thee, Hdt.6.109, S.Ph. 963;

    ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Id.OT 314

    ; so also

    ἐπί τινι Id.Ph. 1003

    , X.Cyr.1.6.2, etc.
    4 εἶναι διά .., much like εἶναι ἐν .., εἶναι διὰ φόβου, = φοβεῖσθαι, Th.6.34; εἶναι δι' ὄχλου, = ὀχληρὸν εἶναι, Id.1.73;

    εἶναι διὰ μόχθων X.Cyr.1.6.25

    ; εἶναι δι' αἰτίας, = αἰτιᾶσθαι, D.H.1.70; Geom., pass through,

    διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου Archim.Con.Sph.20

    .
    6 εἶναι πρός τινος to be in one's favour, Th.4.10,29, etc.; to suit, X.An. 1.2.11, etc.; εἶναι πρός τινι engaged in, Pl.Phd. 84c, Philostr.VA5.31; πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mind one's own affairs, Arist.Pol. 1309a6, Ath.16.3;

    εἶναι πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν Plb.1.26.3

    ; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν Telesp.46 H.;

    εἶναι περί τι X.An.3.5.7

    , etc.
    7 εἶναι παρά τινι or τινα, = παρειναι, Id.Cyr.6.2.15, Hdt.8.140.ά (s.v.l.).
    8 εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τινι to be subject to.., X.HG5.2.17 (s.v.l.), 6.2.4.
    9 περὶ τούτων ἐστίν that is the question, Men.Epit.30.
    10 εἶναι ἀπό .., in Geom., to be constructed upon, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9, Con.Sph.7.
    D ἐστί is very freq. omitted, mostly in the [tense] pres. ind. before certain predicates, as ἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neut. of Verbals in - τέος, and such forms as θαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less freq. with other persons and moods, εἰμί omitted, S.OT92, Aj. 813; εἶ, Od.4.206; ἐσμέν, S.Ant. 634; ἐστέ, Od.10.463; εἰσί, S.OT 499 (lyr.), IG2.778 B; subj. ᾖ, Il.14.376, E.Hipp. 659, Antipho 5.32; opt. εἴη, IG22.1183.12; [tense] impf. ἦν, ib.2.778 B; [tense] fut. ἔσονται, Od.14.394.
    E the Inf. freq. seems redundant,
    1 in phrases implying power or will to do a thing, ἑκὼν εἶναι (v. ἑκών)

    κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι Is.2.32

    ;

    εἰς δύναμιν εἶναι Pl.Plt. 300c

    ; τὸ ἐπ' ἐκείνοις εἶναι, quantum in illis esset, Th.8.48, X.HG3.5.9, cf. Lys.13.58;

    τὸ ἐπὶ σφᾶς εἶναι Th.4.28

    ;

    τὸ κατὰ τοῦτον εἶναι X.An.1.6.9

    ;

    κατὰ τοῦτο εἶναι Pl.Prt. 317a

    ; τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Id.Cra. 396e, La. 201c, Theopomp. Com.98, Decr. ap. Arist.Ath.31.2, etc.
    F [tense] impf. ἦνissts. used where other languages take the [tense] pres.,
    1 after ἄρα, to express a fact which is and has always been the same, δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου.. ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατον human skin then it appears is.., Hdt.4.64;

    Κύπρις οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν θεός E. Hipp. 359

    ; ὡς ἄρ' ἦσθ' ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶς ib. 1169;

    ἦ πολύμοχθον ἄρ' ἦν γένος.. ἁμερίων Id.IA 1330

    ;

    ἦ στωμύλος ἦσθα Theoc.5.79

    ; so also when there is reference to a past thought, τουτὶ τί ἦν; what is this? Ar.Ach. 157, cf. Pl.Cra. 387c: so in the Aristotelian formula τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι (APo.82b38, al.), used to express the essential nature of a thing, where τί ἦν (for ἐστί) takes the place of the dat. in such phrases as τὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, APr.67b12, de An.429b10.
    G ἐγώ εἰμι, in LXX, pleonastic for

    ἐγώ, ἐγώ εἰμι οὐχ ἥμαρτον Jd. 11.27

    , cf. 6.18; also

    ἔσται πᾶς ἀποκτενεῖ με Ge.4.14

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εἰμί

  • 3 ἀπό

    ἀπό, [dialect] Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. [full] ἀπύ Sapph.44, cf. 78, Alc.33, Theoc.28.16,IG12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), ἀπυδόμεναι ib.9(2).594 ([place name] Larissa), 5(2).6 ([place name] Tegea), etc.:—Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt.
    A ápa, Lat. ab, Umbr. ap-ehtre 'ab extra', Goth. af, OE. af, cef, of, etc.) Orig. sense, from. [ ᾰπο?ἀπόX: where ἀπο ¯ is found in [dialect] Ep. before v or liquids (as

    ἀπὸ ἕθεν Il.6.62

    ,

    ἀπὸ νευρῆς 11.664

    , Hes. Sc. 409) ἀπαί was sometimes written in later texts, cf. Eust. 625.11:— [pron. full] ᾱ metri gr. in [dialect] Ep. compds., such as ἀπονέεσθαι.]
    I OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense:
    1 of Motion, from, away from,

    ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων Il.2.208

    ; pleonastic, ἀ. Τροίηθεν ib.24.492;

    ἀπ' οὐρανόθεν 8.365

     (later with Advbs.,

    ἀπὸ ἔμπροσθεν LXX Ec.1.10

    , etc.); strengthd.,

    ἐκτὸς ἀ. κλισιης Il.10.151

    ; also ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, implying departure from life, ib.24.725; opp. ἐξ, of relatively superficial motion,

    λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτ' ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Mem.2.7.2

    ; similarly of the cause or ground,

    ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφ' ὧν εἰκάζω Th.4.126

    :— freq. of warriors fighting from chariots, etc.,

    οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀ. νηῶν.. μάχοντο Il.15.386

    ;

    ἀφ' ἵππων μάρνασθαι Od.9.49

    ; so

    ἡ μάχη ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων Hdt.1.79

    ; λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφ' ἵππων on horseback, Pl.R. 328a;

    ἀφ' ἵππου θηρεύειν X.An.1.2.7

    ;

    ἀ. νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν Th. 7.62

    ;

    ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν αἰρόμενος τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀ. τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο X.HG 6.2.29

    ; ὀμμάτων ἄπο.. κατέσταζον γένυν, of tears, E.Hec. 240: joined with

    ἐκ, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Pl.Tht. 142a

    .
    2 of Position, away from, far from,

    μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il.2.292

     (cf. ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς εἶναι to live apart from a man or husband, Plu.CG4);

    κεκρυμμένος ἀπ' ἄλλων Od.23.110

    ;

    μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων h.Merc. 193

    ; ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπ' οὔατος, far from sight or hearing, Il.23.53, 18.272, cf. 22.454;

    ἀ. θαλάσσης ᾠκίσθησαν Th.1.7

    , cf. 46;

    αὐλίζεσθαι ἀ. τῶν ὅπλων Id.6.64

    ;

    ἀπ' οἴκου εἶναι Id.1.99

    ; σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος far from, i.e. without using the rein, S.OC 900; in Hom. freq. strengthd., τῆλε ἀ..., νόσφιν ἀ..., Il.23.880, 5.322; in measurement of distances,

    ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς X.HG2.4.4

    , etc.; but later the numeral follows

    ἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης D.S.4.56

    ;

    ἀ. σταδίων κ τῆς πόλεως Plu.Phil.4

    ; κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων fifty stades away, Id.Oth.11, cf. D.Chr.17.17.
    3 of the mind, ἀ. θυμοῦ away from, i. e. alien from, my heart, Il.1.562;

    ἀ. δόξης 10.324

    ;

    οὐ.. ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀ. δόξης Od.11.344

    ;

    ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου Th.1.76

    ; οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου not without reason, Pl.R. 470b; οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ, Id.Tht. 179c, 187e;

    οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης S. Tr. 389

    ;

    οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος D.24.6

    ;

    μάλα πολλὸν ἀπ' ἐλπίδος ἔπλετο A.R.2.863

    .
    4 in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. ἐκ)

    , ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν.. ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς E.Tr. 523

    ; ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω, i. e. taking the chaplet off my head, and placing it on his, Pl.Smp. 212e: with Verbs of hanging, where ἐκ is more common,

    ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου Od.11.278

    .
    5 with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν, i.e. οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν, X.Cyr.7.5.23; οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων.. ἐπαρήξουσι ib.6.4.18;

    αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς Pl.Cra. 410b

    ; αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος v.l. in Hdt.4.8;

    ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματος X.An.7.2.19

    ;

    τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον Theoc.6.18

    .
    6 partitive, λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν part taken from the booty, a share of it, Od.5.40;

    αἴρεσθαι ἀ. τῶν καλπίδων Ar. Lys. 539

    ;

    ἀ. ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος Hdt.6.27

    ;

    ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν Th.7.87

    , cf. A.Pers. 1023.
    7 Math., of figures described upon a base,

    κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.19

    , etc.; τὸ ἀ. τῆς AB τετράγωνον the square on AB, Euc.1.47, cf. 48; εἴδεα ἀ. .. Archim.Spir.10,11.
    8 ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός man and woman, LXX1 Es.9.40; ἀ. ἀρσενικοῦ ἕως θηλυκοῦib.Nu.5.3.
    9 from being, instead of,

    ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς.. ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν Theoc.15.106

    .
    10 privative, free from, without,

    ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας PLips.16.19

     (ii A. D.);

    ἀ. ζημίας PTeb420.4

     (iii A. D.).
    II OF TIME, from, after, Hom. only in Il.8.54 ἀ. δείπνου θωρήσσοντο rising up from, i.e. after, cf. Hdt.1.133; ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι or γενέσθαι, Id.1.126, 2.78, 5.18, al.;

    ἀ. τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν Hp.Salubr.5

    ;

    ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι X.Lac. 5.8

    ; in narrative, τὸ ἀ. τούτου or το̄δε, from this point onwards, Hdt.1.4,2.99;

    ἀ. τούτου τοῦ χρόνου Id.1.82

    , X.An.7.5.8;

    τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου Luc.Tox.25

    ;

    ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφ' ἧς.. Hdt.3.14

    , etc.;

    δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀ. τῆς ἐμπρήσιος Id.8.55

    , cf. X.An.1.7.18, etc.;

    ἀφ' οὗ χρόνου Id.Cyr. 1.2.13

    ; more often ἀπ' or ἀφ' οὗ, Hdt.2.44, Th.1.18, etc.;

    ἀφ' οὗπερ A.Pers. 177

    ;

    ἀφ' ἧς Plu.Pel.15

    ; εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου, of olden time, Th.1.2,2.15;

    ἀπ' ἀρχᾶς Pi.P.8.25

    , etc.;

    ἀ. γενεᾶς X. Cyr.1.2.8

    ; ἀφ' ἑσπέρας from the beginning of evening, i.e. at eventide, Th.7.29; ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου ib.43;

    ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν Ar.V. 218

    ; ἀπ' ἀγροῦ fresh from field-work, Ev.Marc.15.21, cf. 7.4;

    ἀ. νουμηνίας X.An.5.6.23

    ; χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ tarry beyond the time, LXX2 Ki. 20.5; ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν at the end of.., ib.24.8;

    γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆς Plu.Caes.5

    : hence ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν an εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης, IG3.398;

    ἀ. λογιστῶν POxy.1103.3

     (iv A. D.); οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας, = consulares, Hdn.7.1.9, etc.; but ἀ. τινος the freedman of.., IG5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 ([place name] Andania), 1473.
    III OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.:
    1 of that from which one is born, οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ' ἀ. πέτρης not sprung from oak or rock, Od.19.163;

    γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τ' ἀλσέων 10.350

    , cf. S.OT 415, OC 571, etc.: sts. ἀπό denotes remote, and ἐκ immediate, descent,

    τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας Isoc.12.81

    , cf. Hdt.7.150;

    πέμπτη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γέννα A.Pr. 853

    ; τρίτος ἀ. Διός third in descent from Zeus, Pl.R. 391c; οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός his descendants, Plu. Them.32;

    Περσέως ἀφ' αἵματος E.Alc. 509

    : of the place one springs from,

    ἵπποι.. ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος Il.2.839

    . cf. 849;

    Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀ. Σπάρτης Hdt.8.114

    , cf. Th.1.89, etc.;

    τοὺς ἀ. Φρυγίας X.Cyr.2.1.5

    , etc.:hence,
    b metaph. of things,

    Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι Od.6.18

    ; θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς ib.12;

    γάλα ἀ. βοός A.Pers. 611

    ;

    μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν Id.Eu. 314

    ;

    ἡ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τιμωρία Th.1.69

    ; ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος fear inspired by the enemy, X.Cyr.3.3.53.
    c of persons, οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως, country folk, townsfolk, Plb.2.6.8, 5.70.8; and so of connexion with the founder or leader of a sect,

    οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου Luc.Herm.14

    ;

    οἱ ἀ. Πλάτωνος Plu.Brut.2

    ; οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς, etc., Luc.Cont. 6; generally οἱ ἀ. φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων philosophers and learned men, ibid.; οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου stage players, Plu.Sull.2;

    οἱ ἀ. τῆς βουλῆς Id.Caes.10

    , etc.; ὁ ἀφ' ἑστίας παῖς, v. ἑστία; ἀπ' ἐξωμίδος with only an ἐξωμίς, S.E.P.1.153.
    2 of the material from or of which a thing is made,

    εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα Hdt.7.65

    ;

    ἀπ' ὄμφακος τεύχειν οἶνον A.Ag. 970

    , cf. S.Tr. 704;

    ὅσσα ἀ. γλυκερῶ μέλιτος Theoc.15.117

    ;

    ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου Ev.Matt.3.4

    : hence στέφανος ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα of or weighing 60 talents, Decr. ap. D. 18.92, cf. Plb.24.1.7, IG2.555.10, al.: hence of value,

    θύεν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμᾶν εἴκοσι GDI3707

     ([place name] Cos);

    κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης Pl.Phd. 59a

    ; so, by an extension of this use, εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου ugly of countenance, Thphr.Char.28.4;

    θῆλυν ἀ. χροιῆς Theoc.16.49

    ;

    σεμνὸς ἀ. τοῦ σχήματος Luc.DMort.10.8

    .
    3 of the instrument from or by which a thing is done, τοὺς.. πέφνεν ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by arrow shot from silver bow, Il.24.605;

    τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας 8.279

    ;

    ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός 10.371

    , 11.675; so

    ἀ. χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα Luc.Hist.Conscr.29

    ; γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου, X.Lac.5.9;

    μάχεσθαι ἀ. ἄκοντος Str.17.3.7

    ;

    ἡ ἀ. τοῦ ξίφους μάχη D.S.5.29

    ;

    βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀ. τοῦ αἵματος LXX Le.4.7

    .
    4 of the person from whom an act comes, i.e. by whom it is done,

    οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο Hdt.1.14

    ;

    ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαι Id.2.54

    ;

    ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογον Th.1.17

    , cf. 6.61;

    ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαι Pl.R. 528a

    , etc.; so τἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ, E.Tr.74, S.OC 1628;

    τὰ ἀ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων Th.1.127

    ; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, Plb.1.34.8, Str.5.4.12, D.H.9.12, Ev.Luc.9.22, J.AJ20.8.10, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with ὑπό, but cf. PMag.Par.1.256, BGU 1185.26(Aug.), SIG820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc.
    5 of the source from which life, power, etc., are sustained,

    ζῆν ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης Hdt.1.203

    ; ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων ib. 216;

    ἀ. πολέμου Id.5.6

    ;

    ἀπ' ἐλαχίστων χρημάτων X.Mem.1.2.14

    ;

    ἀ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς Id.An.6.1.1

    ;

    τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀ. τῶν νήσων Id.HG4.8.9

    , cf. Th.1.99;

    ἀ. τῶν κοινῶν πλουτεῖν Ar.Pl. 569

    , cf. D.24.124;

    ἀ. μικρῶν εὔνους.. γεγένησαι Ar.Eq. 788

    , cf. D.18.102;

    ἀφ' ὥρας ἐργάζεσθαι

     quaestum corpore facere,

    Plu. Tim.14

    .
    6 of the cause, means, or occasion from, by, or because of which a thing is done,

    ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι Hdt.2.42

    ; ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι, Th.2.25,6.12, X.Cyr.1.1.2;

    ἀ. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαι Th.5.17

    ;

    τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος Id.1.46

    ;

    ἀ. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν X.An. 7.7.9

    ;

    ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν D.2.27

    ; ἀ. τοῦ πάθους in consequence of.., Th.4.30;

    βλάπτειν τινὰ ἀ. τινος Id.7.29

    ;

    κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφ' ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαι D.18.194

    ; τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει on occasion of his defeat, Id.19.320; τλήμων οὖσ' ἀπ' εὐτόλμου

    φρενός A.Ag. 1302

    , cf. 1643; ἀ. δικαιοσύνης by reason of it (v. l. for ὑπό), Hdt.7.164; ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων on the same scale of profits, D.3.34, etc.; for ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα, v. ἕνεκα: hence in half adverbial usages, ἀ. σπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, Il.7.359; ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπ' ἴσης, equally, Th.1.99,15, D.14.6, etc.;

    ἀπ' ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆς Id.18.298

    ;

    ἀ. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς Th.1.91

    ; ἀ. τοῦ προφανοῦς openly, ib.35; ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος straightforwardly, Id.3.43; ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου of free-will, Pl.Prt. 323c; ἀ. γλώσσης by word of mouth, Hdt.1.123 (but also, from hearsay, A.Ag. 813);

    ἀ. στόματος Pl.Tht. 142d

    ; ἀπ' ὄψεως at sight, Lys.16.19; ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι on your fingers, Ar.V. 656;

    πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον A.Ag. 988

    ; ὀμμάτων ἄπο in the public gaze, E.Med. 216;

    ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι X.Mem.1.2.9

    ;

    ἡ βουλὴ ἡ ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου Th.8.66

    , cf. IG1.9;

    τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδρας Arist.Ath.24.3

    ; τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας Decr. ap. D.18.106; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ from oneself, on one's own account, Th.8.6, etc.;

    ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης Id.4.68

    ; ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος, by agreement, by word of command, Hdt.5.74, Th.8.99; ἀ. σάλπιγγος by sound of trumpet, X.Eq.Mag.3.12 (s.v.l.); ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων, = Lat. procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr..1913.143a (Ephesus, ii A. D.).
    7 of the object spoken of, τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί the things told from or of the island.., Hdt.4.195, cf. 54, 7.195;

    νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶν Ar.Ra. 762

    .
    B in Arc., Cypr., ἀπύ takes dat., ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ] IG5(2).6 ([place name] Tegea);

    ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ Inscr.Cypr.135.8

     H. ([place name] Idalion).
    2 in later Greek ἀπό is found c. acc., PLond.1.124.30 (iv/v A. D.).
    C in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as Il.5.214, etc., and sts. in Prose, as Hdt.8.89.
    1 asunder, as ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω: and hence, away, off, as ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω; denoting, remoual of an accusation, as ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι.
    2 finishing off, completing, ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω.
    3 ceasing from, leaving off, as ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω.
    4 back again, as ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους: also, in full, or what is one's own, as ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω: freq. it only strengthens the sense of the simple.
    5 by way of abuse, as in ἀποκαλέω.
    6 almost = ἀ- priv.; sts. with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; more freq. with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος.
    E ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as

    ὀμμάτων ἄπο S.El. 1231

    , etc.; never in Prose.
    2 ἄπο for ἄπεστι, Semon.1.20, Timocr.9.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπό

  • 4 σάρξ

    σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ (Hom.+; ‘flesh’).
    ① the material that covers the bones of a human or animal body, flesh lit. 1 Cor 15:39abcd; Hv 3, 10, 4; 3, 12, 1. The pl. (which denotes flesh in the mass [Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 5], whereas the sing. rather denotes the substance.—Herodas 4, 61; Gen 40:19; 1 Km 17:44; 4 Km 9:36; PsSol 4:19; TestJob 13:5; Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 211; Just., A I, 26, 7; Mel., P. 52, 383; Ath. 34, 2) Lk 24:39 v.l.; Rv 19:18, 21 (4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010, 16] cannibalism out of hunger, sim. Mel., P. 52, 383; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 245: the σάρκες of the slain are food for the birds) B 10:4; metaph. Rv 17:16. It decays 1 Cl 25:3; cp. Ac 2:31 (cp. 2a below). Normally gives forth an evil odor when burned MPol 15:2. W. bones (s. ὀστέον) 1 Cl 6:3 (Gen 2:23); Lk 24:39; Eph 5:30 v.l. (metaph.). Paul speaks of his illness as a σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί (s. σκόλοψ) 2 Cor 12:7. ἡ ἐν σαρκὶ περιτομή the physical circumcision (cp. Just., D. 10, 1 al.) Ro 2:28; cp. Eph 2:11b; Col 2:13 (ἀκροβυστία 2); Gal 6:13 (ἡ σάρξ=the flesh that is circumcised); B 9:4. Metaph.: the corrosion on the precious metals of the rich φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ Js 5:3.—Ign. describes the elements of the Eucharist as σὰρξ (or αἷμα) Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IRo 7:3; IPhld 4; ISm 7:1. Also J 6:51–56 urges that one must eat the flesh (and drink the blood) of the Human One or Son of Man (Just., A I, 66, 2; s. TPhilips, Die Verheissung der hl. Eucharistie nach Joh. 1922; Bultmann ad loc.; AWikenhauser ’48, 105f).—His anti-Docetic position also leads Ign. to use the concept ‘flesh (and blood) of Christ’ in other contexts as well ITr 8:1; IPhld 5:1.—For Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12; and 1 Cor 15:50 s. 3a.
    ② the physical body as functioning entity, body, physical body
    ⓐ as substance and living entity (Aeschyl., Sept. 622: opp. νοῦς; Ex 30:32; 4 Km 6:30; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 6 [Stone p. 54] πάντα τὰ μέλη τῆς σαρκός μου; w. καρδία or ψυχή Alex. Aphr., An. p. 98, 7–10 Br.; Ps 37:8; 62:2; Eccl 2:3; Ezk 11:19; 44:7 a1.; Jos., Bell. 6, 47, Ant. 19, 325; Ar.15, 7) οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν Ac 2:31 (but s. 1). W. ψυχή 1 Cl 49:6 (Tat. 13:2 al.). W. καρδία Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9).—Eph 5:29. ἑόρακαν τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐν σαρκί they have seen me face to face Col 2:1. ἕως ἂν τὸν χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἴδῃ before he had seen the Messiah in person GJs 24:4 (cp. Lk 2:26). Opp. πνεῦμα (Ath. 31:3; PGM 5, 460 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὸν κτίσαντα πᾶσαν σάρκα κ. πᾶν πνεῦμα) 1 Cor 5:5; 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5; 1 Pt 4:6; Hm 3:1; 10, 2, 6; cp. AcPl Ant 13:17 (=Aa, I 237, 2; s. οἶδα); also in relation to Christ (though this is disputed) J 6:63; Hs 5, 6, 5–7; cp. 1 Ti 3:16.—ἀσθένεια τῆς σαρκός bodily ailment Gal 4:13; s. vs. 14. ἀσθενὴς τῇ σαρκί weak in the body Hs 9, 1, 2. ὁ ἀλγῶν σάρκα the one who is ill in body B 8:6. πάσχειν σαρκί 1 Pt 4:1b. Cp. 2 Cor 7:5. ἡ τῆς σαρκὸς καθαρότης the purity of the body Hb 9:13 (opp. καθαρίζειν τὴν συνείδησιν vs. 14). σαρκὸς ἀπόθεσις ῥύπου 1 Pt 3:21 (s. ῥύπος 1). The σάρξ is raised fr. the dead (s. ParJer 6:9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [74, 2]) 1 Cl 26:3; 2 Cl 9:1. ἀνάστασις σαρκός AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24 (σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν Just., D. 80, 5); cp. ἀναστήσεσθε ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32. Of the body of Christ during his earthly ministry Eph 2:14 (JHart, The Enmity in His Flesh: Exp. 6th ser., 3, 1901, 135–41); Hb 10:20; 1 Pt 3:18; 4:1a; 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:1, 10f; 6:7, 9; 7:5; 12:10; IEph 7:2; Pol 7:1; AcPlCor 2:6b. Married couples form μία σάρξ (Gen 2:24; s. Ath. 33, 2 τὴν σάρκα πρὸς σάρκα … κοινωνίαν.—GAicher, Mann u. Weib ein Fleisch: BZ 5, 1907, 159–65) Mt 19:5f; Mk 10:8ab; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (on these passages, TBurkill, ZNW 62, ’71, 115–20). δικαιώματα σαρκός behind ‘all sorts of ceremonial washings’ there are regulations that concern the physical body Hb 9:10.—On ὑποτάγητε τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ ὡς ὁ Χριστὸς τῷ πατρὶ κατὰ σάρκα IMg 13:2 s. Hdb. ad loc. and MRackl, Die Christologie des hl. Ignatius v. Ant. 1914, 228.—πνεῦμα δυνάμεως … ὁ θεὸς … κατέπεμψεν εἰς σάρκα τουτέστιν εἰς τὴν Μαρίαν God sent a powerful spirit (prob. a ref. to the kind of divine breath that brought the first human being to life [Gen 2:7]) into flesh, that is, into Mary AcPl Ha 8, 26=BMM recto 34; s. AcPlCor 1:14.
    ⓑ as someth. with physical limitations, life here on earth (ApcEsdr 4:4 p. 28, 3 Tdf. σάρκα ἀνθρωπίνην φορῶ) θλῖψιν τῇ σαρκὶ ἕξουσιν 1 Cor 7:28. Cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Col 1:24. Of Christ τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ his body with its physical limitations Col 1:22; cp. 2:11 and s. cα below (cp. En 102:5 τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν; 1QpHab 9:2; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 29, 25).—Of human life: ἀποδημεῖν τῆς σαρκός MPol 2:2 (s. ἀποδημέω). ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκί Phil 1:24. ζῆν ἐν σαρκί vs. 22; Gal 2:20. ἐν ς. περιπατεῖν 2 Cor 10:3a. ἐν ς. τυγχάνειν Dg 5:8a. ὄντος ἔτι ἐν ς. σου AcPlCor 1:6. τὸν ἐπίλοιπον ἐν ς. χρόνον 1 Pt 4:2. ἡ ἐπιδημία τῆς σαρκὸς ταύτης our sojourn in life 2 Cl 5:5. ἐν τῇ σαρκί in our earthly life 8:2.
    ⓒ as instrument of various actions or expressions.
    α. In Paul’s thought esp., all parts of the body constitute a totality known as ς. or flesh, which is dominated by sin to such a degree that wherever flesh is, all forms of sin are likew. present, and no good thing can live in the σάρξ Ro 7:18 (cp. Philo, Gig. 29 αἴτιον δὲ τῆς ἀνεπιστημοσύνης μέγιστον ἡ σὰρξ καὶ ἡ πρὸς σάρκα οἰκείωσις; Sextus 317 ἀγαθὸν ἐν σαρκὶ μὴ ἐπιζήτει. The OT lays no stress on a necessary relationship betw. flesh as a substance, and sin. But for Epicurus the σάρξ is the bearer of sinful feelings and desires as well as the means of sensual enjoyment: Ep. in Plut., Mor. 135c; 1087bf; 1089e; 1096c αἱ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐπιθυμίαι. Also Diog. L. 10, 145. Likew. Plut. himself: Mor. 101b ταῖς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡδοναῖς; 672e; 688d; 734a; Ps.-Plut., Mor. 107f σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς πάθεσι ταύτης; Maximus Tyr. 33, 7a. Cp. 4 Macc 7:18 τὰ τῆς σαρκὸς πάθη; Philo, Deus Imm. 143 σαρκὸς ἡδονή, Gig. 29; TestJud 19:4; TestZeb 9:7; ApcMos 25 [p. 14, 2 Tdf.] εἰς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τῆς σαρκός); Ro 6:19; 7:25 (opp. νοῦς); 8:3a, 4–9 (cp. Persius 2, 63 scelerata pulpa, which contaminates devotion to deity), 12f; Gal 5:13, 24; Col 2:23; Jd 23; AcPlCor 2:11, 15; Dg 6:5 (opp. ψυχή, as Plut., Mor. 101b). Opp. τὸ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4, 5, 6, 9, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:16, 17ab; 6:8ab; J 3:6; B 10:9. τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 25, 8) Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. σὰρξ ἁμαρτίας sinful flesh Ro 8:3b. ἐπιθυμία (τῆς) σαρκός (cp. Maximus Tyr. 20, 9f σαρκῶν … ἐπιθυμίας) Gal 5:16; 1J 2:16; B 10:9. Pl. Eph 2:3a, cp. b; 2 Pt 2:18; cp. Ro 13:14. τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός Gal 5:19 (s. Vögtle at πλεονεξία). τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκός Eph 2:3b. ὁ νοῦς τῆς σαρκός Col 2:18. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός the body of (sinful) flesh 2:11; cp. 1:22 and s. b above (cp. Sir 23:17 σῶμα σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ; En 102:5 τῷ σώματι τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν). τὰ τῆς σαρκός what pertains to (sinful) flesh Ro 8:5b. ἐν (τῇ) σαρκὶ εἶναι be in an unregenerate (and sinful) state Ro 7:5; 8:8f. τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί Eph 2:11a. κατὰ σάρκα εἶναι Ro 8:5a; ζῆν vs. 12b; 13; Dg 5:8b; περιπατεῖν Ro 8:4; 2 Cor 10:2; βουλεύεσθαι 1:17; στρατεύεσθαι 10:3b; cp. IRo 8:3 (opp. κατὰ γνώμην θεοῦ).
    β. source of the sexual urge. The σάρξ is the source of the sexual urge, without any suggestion of sinfulness connected w. it ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς ἐγεννήθησαν J 1:13.
    ⓓ as someth. attractive 2 Pt 2:10 (a Hebraism, cp. Judg 2:12; 3 Km 11:10; Sir 46:10). S. also 3b.
    ③ one who is or becomes a physical being, living being with flesh
    ⓐ of humans person, human being: πᾶσα σάρξ every person, everyone (LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72]; GrBar 4:10; ApcEsdr 7:7; ApcMos 13 [p. 7, 1 Tdf.]; Mel., P. 55, 400: for כָּל-בָּשָׂר; s. πᾶς 1aα) Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); J 17:2; Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6); 1 Cl 59:3; 64; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5 (the last two Is 66:24); AcPlCor 2:6a. οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ no person, nobody (En 14:21 end.—W-S. §26, 10a; B-D-F §275, 4; 302, 1; Rob. 752) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; Ro 3:20 (cp. Ps 142:2 πᾶς ζῶν); 1 Cor 1:29 (μή); Gal 2:16.—Though ς. in the foll. passages refers to body in its physical aspect, it cannot be divorced from its conjunction with αἷμα, and the unit σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα (cp. Sir 17:31; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82]; Philo, Quis Div. Rer. Her. 57; Just., D. 135, 6) refers to a human being in contrast to God and other transcendent beings Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12 (here vice versa, αἷ. καὶ ς.). τὰ παιδία κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός the children share mortal nature Hb 2:14, but with suggestion of its frailty, as indicated by the context with its ref. to death. Because they are the opposites of the divine nature σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα βασιλείαν θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται 1 Cor 15:50 (JJeremias, NTS 2, ’56, 151–59). For Jd 7 s. b next. Cp. AcPl Ant 13, 17 (=Aa I 237, 2) σαρκί personally (s. οἶδα 2).
    ⓑ of transcendent entities ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (RSeeberg, Festgabe AvHarnack dargebracht 1921, 263–81.—Artem. 2, 35 p. 132, 27 ἐὰν σάρκινοι οἱ θεοὶ φαίνωνται; Synes., Dio 6 p. 45b).—Of flesh other than human: ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἑτέρας after another kind of flesh (cp. Judg 2:12 ὀπίσω θεῶν ἑτέρων) i.e. of divine messengers who take on ς. when they appear to humans (so Windisch et al.; difft. Frame et al. of same-sex activity) Jd 7.
    ④ human/ancestral connection, human/mortal nature, earthly descent (Did., Gen. 144, 25) Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα Ro 4:1 (Just., D. 43, 7 al.). οἱ συγγενεῖς μου κατὰ σάρκα 9:3. τοὺς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν πατέρας Hb 12:9. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ σάρκα the earthly Israel 1 Cor 10:18 (opp. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 6:16). Of natural descent τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας). ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29. μου τὴν σάρκα my compatriots Ro 11:14 (s. Gen 37:27).—Of Christ’s physical nature Ro 8:3c; Hb 5:7. Christ is descended fr. the patriarchs and fr. David (τὸ) κατὰ σάρκα according to the human side of his nature, as far as his physical descent is concerned Ro 1:3 (JDunn, Jesus: Flesh and Spirit [Ro 1:3f], JTS 24, ’73, 40–68); 9:5; 1 Cl 32:2; IEph 20:2. The context of 2 Cor 11:18 includes ancestry as a reason for boasting, but ς. in this pass. applies as well to other aspects of Paul’s career and therefore belongs more properly in 5.
    ⑤ the outward side of life as determined by normal perspectives or standards, a transf. sense of 1 and 2. Usually w. κατά indicating norm or standard σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα wise (people) according to human standards 1 Cor 1:26. καυχᾶσθαι κατὰ (τὴν) σάρκα boast of one’s outward circumstances, i.e. descent, manner of life, etc. (cp. 11:22) 2 Cor 11:18. κατὰ σάρκα Χριστόν Christ (the Messiah) from a human point of view or as far as externals are concerned 5:16b, cp. a (κατά B5bβ and 7a; also VWeber, BZ 2, 1904, 178–88; HWindisch, exc. ad loc.; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3, 374–76; FPorter, Does Paul Claim to Have Known the Historical Jesus [2 Cor 5:16]?: JBL 47, 1928, 257–75; RMoxon, CQR 108, 1929, 320–28). οἱ κατὰ σάρκα κύριοι those who, according to human standards, are masters Eph 6:5; Col 3:22. ὑμεῖς κατὰ τὴν ς. κρίνετε you judge by outward things, by externals J 8:15. Of the route taken in one’s earthly life ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ κατὰ σάρκα IRo 9:3.—ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθέναι place one’s trust in earthly things or physical advantages Phil 3:3f. εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί Gal 6:12. Onesimus is a beloved brother to Philemon καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ καὶ ἐν κυρίῳ both as a human being (=personally, in the external relationship betw. master and slave) and as a Christian Phlm 16. ὑμῶν δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ἐπισκόπῳ IEph 1:3 (cp. IMg 3:2).—HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde 1908; EBurton, ICC Gal. 1920, 492–95; WSchauf, Sarx 1924; WBieder, Auferstehung des Fleisches od. des Leibes?: TZ 1, ’45, 105–20. W. special ref. to Paul: Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 7:14 and 8:11; Lohmeyer (ἁμαρτία 3a); EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33; RGrant, ATR 22, ’40, 199–203; RBultmann, Theologie des NTs ’48, 228–49 (Engl. tr. by KGrobel, ’51 I, 227–59); LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 267–70; E Schweizer, Die hellenist. Komponente im NT sarx-Begriff: ZNW 48, ’57, 237–53; two in KStendahl, The Scrolls and the NT, ’57: KKuhn, 94–113 and WDavies, 157–82; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT: RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; DLys, La chair dans l’AT ’67; ASand, D. Begriff ‘Fleisch’ ’67 (Paul); RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms ’71, 49–166. On Ign.: CRichardson, The Christianity of Ign. of Ant. ’35, esp. 49 and 61. S. also the lit. s.v. πνεῦμα, end.—B. 202. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σάρξ

  • 5 ἐκ

    ἐκ, before vowels ἐξ, prep. w. gen. (Hom.+; s. lit. s.v. ἀνά and εἰς beg.)
    ① marker denoting separation, from, out of, away from
    ⓐ w. the place or thing fr. which separation takes place. Hence esp. w. verbs of motion ἀναβαίνω, ἀναλύω, ἀνίστημι, ἐγείρομαι, εἰσέρχομαι, ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπορεύομαι, ἐξέρχομαι, ἔρχομαι, ἥκω, καταβαίνω, μεταβαίνω, ῥύομαι, συνάγω, φεύγω; s. these entries. καλεῖν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου Mt 2:15 (Hos 11:1); ἐκ σκότους 1 Pt 2:9. αἴρειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 17:15. ἐξαλείφειν ἐκ τῆς βίβλου Rv 3:5 (Ex 32:32f; Ps 68:29). ἀποκυλίειν τ. λίθον ἐκ τ. θύρας Mk 16:3; cp. J 20:1; Rv 6:14; σῴζειν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγ. Jd 5; διασῴζειν ἐκ τ. θαλάσσης Ac 28:4. παραγίνεσθαι ἐξ ὁδοῦ arrive on a journey (lit. from, i.e. interrupting a journey) Lk 11:6; fig. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐξ ὁδοῦ bring back fr. the way Js 5:20; cp. 2 Pt 2:21. ἐκ τῆς χειρός τινος (Hebraistically מִיַּד פּ׳, oft. LXX; s. B-D-F §217, 2; Rob. 649) from someone’s power ἐξέρχεσθαι J 10:39; ἁρπάζειν 10:28f (cp. Plut., Ages. 615 [34, 6] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν Ἐπαμινώνδου τ. πόλιν ἐξαρπάσας; JosAs 12:8 ἅρπασόν με ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἐχθροῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 12:11 (cp. Aeschin. 3, 256 ἐκ τ. χειρῶν ἐξελέσθαι τῶν Φιλίππου; Sir 4:9; Bar 4:18, 21 al.); ῥύεσθαι Lk 1:74; cp. vs. 71 (Ps 105:10; Wsd 2:18; JosAs 12:10); εἰρυσταί σε κύριος ἐκ χειρὸς ἀνόμου AcPlCor 1:8 (cp. ἐκ τούτων ἄπαντων PsSol 13:4).—After πίνειν, of the object fr. which one drinks (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 3): ἐκ τ. ποτηρίου Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23; 1 Cor 11:28; cp. 10:4; J 4:12. Sim. φαγεῖν ἐκ τ. θυσιαστηρίου Hb 13:10.
    ⓑ w. a group or company fr. which separation or dissociation takes place (Hyperid. 6, 17 and Lucian, Cyn. 13 ἐξ ἀνθρώπων) ἐξολεθρεύειν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ Ac 3:23 (Ex 30:33; Lev 23:29). συμβιβάζειν ἐκ τ. ὄχλου 19:33; ἐκλέγειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 15:19; cp. Mt 13:41, 47; Ac 1:24; 15:22; Ro 9:24. For ἐκ freq. ἐκ μέσου Mt 13:49; Ac 17:33; 23:10; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:17 (cp. Ex 31:14).—ἀνιστάναι τινὰ ἔκ τινων Ac 3:22 (Dt 18:15); ἐκ νεκρῶν 17:31. ἐγείρειν τινὰ ἐκ νεκρῶν J 12:1, 9, 17; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Hb 11:19; AcPlCor 2:6; ἀνίστασθαι ἐκ νεκρῶν Ac 10:41; 17:3; ἀνάστασις ἐκ νεκρ. Lk 20:35; 1 Pt 1:3; cp. Ro 10:7. Also s. ἠρεμέω.
    ⓒ of situations and circumstances out of which someone is brought, from: ἐξαγοράζειν ἔκ τινος redeem fr. someth. Gal 3:13; also λυτροῦν (cp. Sir 51:2) 1 Pt 1:18; σῴζειν ἔκ τινος save fr. someth. J 12:27; Hb 5:7; Js 5:20 (Od. 4, 753; MLetronne, Recueil des Inscr. 1842/8, 190; 198 σωθεὶς ἐκ; SIG 1130, 1f; UPZ 60:6f [s. διασῴζω]; PVat A, 7 [168 B.C.]=Witkowski 36, 7 διασεσῶσθαι ἐκ μεγάλων κινδύνων; Sir 51:11; EpJer 49; JosAs 4:8 ἐκ τοῦ … λιμοῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 7:10 (cp. Wsd 10:1; Sir 29:12). τηρεῖν ἔκ τινος keep from someth. Rv 3:10; μεταβαίνειν ἔκ τινος εἴς τι J 5:24; 1J 3:14; μετανοεῖν ἔκ τινος repent and turn away fr. someth. Rv 2:21f; 9:20f; 16:11. ἀναπαύεσθαι ἐκ τ. κόπων rest fr. one’s labors 14:13. ἐγείρεσθαι ἐξ ὕπνου wake fr. sleep (Epict. 2, 20, 15; Sir 22:9; cp. ParJer 5:2 οὐκ ἐξυπνίσθη ἐκ τοῦ ὕπνου αὐτοῦ) Ro 13:11. ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν 11:15. ζῶντες ἐκ νεκρῶν people who have risen fr. death to life 6:13 (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 454; X., An. 7, 7, 28; Demosth. 18, 131 ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς; Palaeph. 3, 2). S. ἀνάστασις 2b.
    ⓓ of pers. and things with whom a connection is severed or is to remain severed: τηρεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ keep them fr. the evil one J 17:15; cp. Ac 15:29. Pregnant constr.: ἀνανήφειν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος 2 Ti 2:26. νικᾶν ἔκ τινος free oneself from … by victory Rv 15:2 (for possible Latinism s. reff. to Livy and Velleius Paterculus in OLD s.v. ‘victoria’; but s. also RCharles, ICC Rv II, 33). ἐλεύθερος ἐκ 1 Cor 9:19 (cp. Eur., Herc. Fur. 1010 ἐλευθεροῦντες ἐκ δρασμῶν πόδα ‘freeing our feet from flight’ [=we recovered from our flight]). καθαρός εἰμι ἐγὼ ἐξ αὐτῆς I practiced abstinence with her GJs 15:4.
    ② marker denoting the direction fr. which someth. comes, from καταβαίνειν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους (Il. 13, 17; X., An. 7, 4, 12; Ex 19:14; 32:1 al.; JosAs 4:1 ἐκ τοῦ ὑπερῴου) Mt 17:9. θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται Lk 21:18. ἐκπίπτειν ἐκ τ. χειρῶν Ac 12:7. διδάσκειν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου Lk 5:3. ἐκ τῆς βάτου χρηματισμοῦ διδομένου 1 Cl 17:5 (cp. Just., A I, 62:3). ἐκ τῆς πρύμνης ῥίψαντες τὰς ἀγκύρας Ac 27:29. κρέμασθαι ἔκ τινος (Hom. et al.; 1 Macc 1:61; 2 Macc 6:10; Jos., Ant. 14, 107) 28:4. ἐκ ῥιζῶν to (lit. from) its roots (Job 28:9; 31:12) Mk 11:20; B 12:9.—Since the Greek feeling concerning the relation betw. things in this case differed fr. ours, ἐκ could answer the question ‘where?’ (cp. Soph., Phil. 20; Synes., Ep. 131 p. 267a ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας μερίδος=on the other side; BGU 975, 11; 15 [45 A.D.]; PGM 36, 239; LXX; JosAs 16:12 εἱστήκει … ἐξ εὐωνύμων; 22:7) ἐκ δεξιῶν at (on) the right (δεξιός 1b) Mt 20:21, 23; 22:44 (Ps 109:1); 25:33; Lk 1:11; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8), 34 (Ps 109:1); 7:55f; B 11:10. ἐξ ἐναντίας opposite Mk 15:39 (Hdt. 8, 6, 2; Thu. 4, 33, 1; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 461, 6; Sir 37:9; Wsd 4:20 al.); ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας the opponent (Sext. Emp., Adv. Phys. 1, 66 [=Adv. Math. 9, 66]; 2, 69 [=Adv. Math. 10, 69], Adv. Eth. 1, 25; Bias in Diog. L. 1, 84) Tit 2:8.—ἐκ τοῦ κατωτάτου ᾅδου … προσευχομένου Ἰωνᾶ AcPlCor 2:30.
    ③ marker denoting origin, cause, motive, reason, from, of
    ⓐ in expr. which have to do w. begetting and birth from, of, by: ἐκ introduces the role of the male (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 9 ἐκ θεοῦ ἔστι; JosAs 21:8 συνέλαβεν Ἀσενὲθ ἐκ τοῦ Ἰωσήφ; Tat. 33, 3 συλλαμβάνουσιν ἐκ φθορέως; Ath. 22, 4 ἐκ τοῦ Κρόνου; SIG 1163, 3; 1169, 63; OGI 383, 3; 5 [I B.C.]) ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Mt 1:18. κοίτην ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Ro 9:10; also of the female (SIG 1160, 3; PEleph 1, 9 [311/10 B.C.] τεκνοποιεῖσθαι ἐξ ἄλλης γυναικός; PFay 28, 9 γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 14 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 1, 191; Ath. 20, 3 ἐξ ἧς παῖς Διόνυσος αὐτῷ) γεννᾶν τινα ἐκ beget someone by (a woman; s. γεννάω 1a) Mt 1:3, 5, etc. ἐκ Μαρίας ἐγεννῄθη AcPlCor 1:14; 2:5; γίνεσθαι ἐκ γυναικός (Jos., Ant. 11, 152; Ar. 9, 7) Gal 4:4; cp. vs. 22f.—γεννᾶσθαι ἐξ αἱμάτων κτλ. J 1:13; ἐκ τ. σαρκός 3:6; ἐκ πορνείας 8:41. ἐγείρειν τινὶ τέκνα ἐκ Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8. (τὶς) ἐκ καρποῦ τ. ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ Ac 2:30 (Ps 131:11). γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ τ. θεοῦ J 1:13; 1J 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18 (Just., A I, 22, 2); ἐκ τ. πνεύματος J 3:6 (opp. ἐκ τ. σαρκός). εἶναι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ (Menand., Sam. 602 S. [257 Kö.]) J 8:47; 1J 4:4, 6; 5:19; opp. εἶναι ἐκ τ. διαβόλου J 8:44; 1J 3:8 (cp. OGI 90, 10 of Ptolemaeus Epiphanes ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ κ. θεᾶς).
    ⓑ to denote origin as to family, race, city, people, district, etc.: ἐκ Ναζαρέτ J 1:46. ἐκ πόλεως vs. 44. ἐξ οἴκου Lk 1:27; 2:4. ἐκ γένους (Jos., Ant. 11, 136) Phil 3:5; Ac 4:6. ἐκ φυλῆς (Jos., Ant. 6, 45; 49; PTebt I, 26, 15) Lk 2:36; Ac 13:21; 15:23; Ro 11:1. Ἑβρ. ἐξ Ἑβραίων a Hebrew, the son of Hebrews Phil 3:5 (Goodsp., Probs., 175f; on the connotation of ancestral ἀρετή Phil 3:5 cp. New Docs VII 233, no. 10, 5). ἐκ σπέρματός τινος J 7:42; Ro 1:3; 11:1. ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ac 15:23; cp. Gal 2:15. Cp. Lk 23:7; Ac 23:34. ἐκ τ. γῆς J 3:31. For this ἐκ τῶν κάτω J 8:23 (opp. ἐκ τ. ἄνω). ἐκ (τούτου) τ. κόσμου 15:19ab; 17:14; 1J 2:16; 4:5. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30.—To express a part of the whole, subst.: οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ the Israelites Ro 9:6. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας selfish, factious people 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου partisans of the law 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ πίστεως those who have faith Gal 3:7, 9; cp. the sg. Ro 3:26; 4:16. οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς the circumcision party Ac 11:2; Ro 4:12; Gal 2:12. οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς Tit 1:10. For this οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς Col 4:11. οἱ ἐκ τ. συναγωγῆς members of the synagogue Ac 6:9. οἱ ἐκ τῶν Ἀριστοβούλου Ro 16:10f. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22 (s. Καῖσαρ and οἰκία 3). In these cases the idea of belonging, the partisan use, often completely overshadows that of origin; cp. Dg 6:3.
    ⓒ to denote derivation (Maximus Tyr. 13, 3f φῶς ἐκ πυρός; Ath. 18:3 γένεσιν … ἐξ ὕδατος) καπνὸς ἐκ τ. δόξης τ. θεοῦ Rv 15:8 (cp. EpJer 20 καπνὸς ἐκ τ. οἰκίας). ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τ. Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν J 4:22. εἶναι ἔκ τινος come, derive from someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 7, 209) Mt 5:37; J 7:17, 22; 1J 2:16, 21; εἶναι is oft. to be supplied Ro 2:29; 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6 ( Plut., Mor. 1001c); 11:12; 2 Cor 4:7; Gal 5:8. ἔργα ἐκ τοῦ πατρός J 10:32. οἰκοδομὴ ἐκ θεοῦ 2 Cor 5:1; χάρισμα 1 Cor 7:7; δικαιοσύνη Phil 3:9. φωνὴ ἐκ τ. στόματος αὐτοῦ Ac 22:14. Here belongs the constr. w. ἐκ for the subj. gen., as in ἡ ἐξ ὑμῶν (v.l.) ἀγάπη 2 Cor 8:7; ὁ ἐξ ὑμῶν ζῆλος 9:2 v.l.; Rv 2:9 (cp. Vett. Val. 51, 16; CIG II 3459, 11 τῇ ἐξ ἑαυτῆς κοσμιότητι; pap. [Rossberg 14f]; 1 Macc 11:33 χάριν τῆς ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐνοίας; 2 Macc 6:26). ἐγένετο ζήτησις ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν Ἰωάννου there arose a discussion on the part of John’s disciples J 3:25 (Dionys. Hal. 8, 89, 4 ζήτησις πολλὴ ἐκ πάντων ἐγένετο; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 24 §91 σφαγή τις ἐκ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐγένετο).
    ⓓ of the effective cause by, because of (cp. the ‘perfectivizing’ force of ἐκ and other prepositions in compounds, e.g. Mt 4:7; Mk 9:15. B-D-F §318, 5)
    α. personal in nature, referring to originator (X., An. 1, 1, 6; Diod S 19, 1, 4 [saying of Solon]; Arrian, Anab. 3, 1, 2; 4, 13, 6 of an inspired woman κατεχομένη ἐκ τοῦ θείου; Achilles Tat. 5, 27, 2; SibOr 3, 395; Just.: A I, 12, 5 ἐκ δαιμόνων φαύλων … καὶ ταῦτα … ἐνεργεῖσθαι, also D. 18, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 7, 85 H. ἐκ θεῶν σεσωσμένη; Ps.-Clem., Hom. p. 7, 19 Lag. τὸν ἐκ θεοῦ σοι ἀποδιδόμενον μισθόν): ὠφελεῖσθαι ἔκ τινος Mt 15:5; Mk 7:11. ζημιοῦσθαι 2 Cor 7:9. λυπεῖσθαι 2:2. εὐχαριστεῖσθαι 1:11. ἀδικεῖσθαι Rv 2:11. ἐξ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλάλησα J 12:49 (cp. Soph., El. 344 οὐδὲν ἐξ σαυτῆς λέγεις).
    β. impersonal in nature (Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 10 ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐκ τ. τραυμάτων; 6, 25, 4; JosAs 29:8 ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος τοῦ λίθου; POxy 486, 32 τὰ ἐμὰ ἐκ τ. ἀναβάσεως τ. Νίλου ἀπολωλέναι): ἀποθανεῖν ἐκ τ. ὑδάτων Rv 8:11. πυροῦσθαι 3:18. σκοτοῦσθαι 9:2. φωτίζεσθαι 18:1. κεκοπιακὼς ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας J 4:6 (Aelian, VH 3, 23 ἐκ τοῦ πότου ἐκάθευδεν). ἔκαμον ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ GJs 15:1.
    ⓔ of the reason which is a presupposition for someth.: by reason of, as a result of, because of (X., An. 2, 5, 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 42 §185 ἐκ προδοσίας; POxy 486, 28f ἐκ τῆς ἐπιστολῆς; Just., A I, 68, 3 ἐξ ἐπιστολῆς; numerous examples in Mayser II/2 p. 388; Philo, De Jos. 184 ἐκ διαβολῆς; Jos., Vi. 430; JosAs 11 παραλελυμένη … ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς ταπεινώσεως; Ar. 8, 6 ἐκ τούτων … τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων τῆς πλάνης; Just., A I, 4, 1 ἐκ τοῦ … ὀνόματος; also inf.: 33, 2 ἵνα … ἐκ τοῦ προειρῆσθαι πιστευθῇ 68, 3 al.): δικαιοῦσθαι ἔκ τινος Ro 4:2; Gal 2:16; 3:24; cp. Ro 3:20, 30 (cp. εἴ τις ἐκ γένους [δίκαι]ος=has the right of citizenship by descent [i.e. has the law on his side]: letter of MAurelius 34, ZPE 8, ’71, 170); οὐκ … ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ he does not live because of his possessions Lk 12:15. ἐκ ταύτης τ. ἐργασίας Ac 19:25. ἐξ ἔργων λαβεῖν τὸ πνεῦμα Gal 3:2, 5; cp. Ro 11:6. ἐξ ἀναστάσεως λαβεῖν τ. νεκρούς Hb 11:35. ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας 2 Cor 13:4. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν as far as it depends on you Ro 12:18.—ἐκ τοῦ πόνου in anguish Rv 16:10; cp. vs. 11; 8:13.—ἐκ τούτου for this reason, therefore (SIG 1168, 47; 1169, 18; 44; 62f; BGU 423, 17=Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 480, 17) J 6:66; 19:12.
    ⓕ Sim. ἐκ can introduce the means which one uses for a definite purpose, with, by means of (Polyaenus 3, 9, 62 ἐξ ἱμάντος=by means of a thong) ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ Lk 16:9 (X., An. 6, 4, 9; PTebt 5, 80 [118 B.C.] ἐκ τ. ἱερῶν προσόδων; ParJer 1:7 [of Jerusalem] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου ἀφανισθήτω; Jos., Vi. 142 ἐκ τ. χρημάτων); cp. 8:3.
    ⓖ of the source, fr. which someth. flows or comes:
    α. λαλεῖν ἐκ τ. ἰδίων J 8:44. ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος τ. καρδίας Mt 12:34. τὰ ἐκ τ. ἱεροῦ the food from the temple 1 Cor 9:13. ἐκ τ. εὐαγγελίου ζῆν get one’s living by proclaiming the gospel vs. 14.
    β. information, insight, etc. (X., An. 7, 7, 43 ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κατέμαθες; Just., A I, 28, 1 ἐκ τῶν ἡμετέρων συγγραμμάτων … μαθεῖν 34, 2 al.) κατηχεῖσθαι ἐκ Ro 2:18. ἀκούειν ἐκ J 12:34. γινώσκειν Mt 12:33; Lk 6:44; 1J 3:24; 4:6. ἐποπτεύειν 1 Pt 2:12. δεικνύναι Js 2:18 (cp. ἀποδεικνύναι Just., D. 33, 1).
    γ. of the inner life, etc., fr. which someth. proceeds (since Il. 9, 486): ἐκ καρδίας Ro 6:17; 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. (cp. Theocr. 29, 4; M. Ant. 3, 3). ἐκ ψυχῆς Eph 6:6; Col 3:23 (X., An. 7, 7, 43, Oec. 10, 4; Jos., Ant. 17, 177; 1 Macc 8:27). ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Pt 1:22. ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ψυχῆς σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. διανοίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ἰσχύος σου Mk 12:30; cp. Lk 10:27 (Dt 6:5; cp. Wsd 8:21; 4 Macc 7:18; Epict. 2, 23, 42 ἐξ ὅλης ψυχῆς). ἐκ πίστεως Ro 14:23; cp. 2 Cor 2:17. Also of circumstances which accompany an action without necessarily being the source of it: γράφειν ἐκ πολλῆς θλίψεως write out of great affliction 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 1:17.
    ⓗ of the material out of which someth. is made (Hdt. 1, 194; Pla., Rep. 10, 616c; OGI 194, 28 [42 B.C.] a statue ἐκ σκληροῦ λίθου; PMagd 42, 5 [221 B.C.]=PEnteux 83, 5; POxy 707, 28; PGM 13, 659; Wsd 15:8; 1 Macc 10:11; Jdth 1:2; En 99:13; JosAs 3:9; Just., A I, 59, 1) of, from στέφανος ἐξ ἀκανθῶν Mt 27:29; J 19:2; cp. 2:15; 9:6; Ro 9:21; 1 Cor 15:47; Rv 18:12; 21:21; perh. also 1 Cor 11:12 ἡ γυνὴ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρός.
    ⓘ of the underlying rule or principle according to, in accordance with (Hdt., Pla. et al. [Kühner-G. I 461g], also OGI 48, 12 [III B.C.] ἐκ τ. νόμων; PEleph 1, 12 [312/11 B.C.] ἐκ δίκης; PPetr III, 26, 9 ἐκ κρίσεως; LXX, e.g. 1 Macc 8:30; Jos., Ant. 6, 296 ἐκ κυνικῆς ἀσκήσεως πεποιημένος τὸν βίον) ἐκ τ. λόγων Mt 12:37 (cp. Wsd 2:20). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε by what you have said Lk 19:22 (cp. Sus 61 Theod.; also X., Cyr. 2, 2, 21 ἐκ τ. ἔργων κρίνεσθαι). ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων on the basis of things written Rv 20:12. ἐκ τ. καλοῦντος Ro 9:12. ἐκ τ. ἔχειν in accordance w. your ability 2 Cor 8:11. ἐξ ἰσότητος on the basis of equality vs. 13.
    ④ marker used in periphrasis, from, of
    ⓐ for the partitive gen. (B-D-F §164, 1 and 2; 169; Rob. 599; 1379).
    α. after words denoting number εἷς, μία, ἕν (Hdt. 2, 46, 2 ἐκ τούτων εἷς; POxy 117, 14ff [II/III A.D.] δύο … ἐξ ὧν … ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν; Tob 12:15 BA; Sir 32:1; Jos., Bell. 7, 47; JosAs 20:2 ἐκ τῶν παρθένων μία Just., D. 126, 4) Mt 10:29; 18:12; 22:35; 27:48; Mk 9:17 al.; εἷς τις J 11:49; δύο Mk 16:12; Lk 24:13; J 1:35; 21:2. πέντε Mt 25:2. πολλοί (1 Macc 5:26; 9:69) J 6:60, 66; 7:31; 11:19, 45. οἱ πλείονες 1 Cor 15:6. οὐδείς (Epict. 1, 29, 37; 1 Macc 5:54; 4 Macc 14:4; Ar. 13, 6; Just., D. 16, 2) J 7:19; 16:5. χιλιάδες ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς Rv 7:4.
    β. after the indef. pron. (Plut., Galba 1065 [27, 2]; Herodian 5, 3, 9; 3 Macc 2:30; Jos., Vi. 279) Lk 11:15; J 6:64; 7:25, 44, 48; 9:16; 11:37, 46 al. Also after the interrog. pron. Mt 6:27; 21:31; Lk 11:5; 12:25; 14:28 al.
    γ. the partitive w. ἐκ as subj. (2 Km 11:17) εἶπαν ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ J 16:17.—Rv 11:9. As obj., pl. Mt 23:34; Lk 11:49; 21:16; 2J 4 (cp. Sir 33:12; Jdth 7:18; 10:17 al.).
    δ. used w. εἶναι belong to someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 12, 399) καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ you also belong to them Mt 26:73; cp. Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58; J 7:50; 10:26; Ac 21:8; cp. 2 Cl 18:1. οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τ. σώματος I do not belong to the body 1 Cor 12:15f; cp. 2 Cl 14:1.
    ε. after verbs of supplying, receiving, consuming: ἐσθίειν ἔκ τινος (Tob 1:10; Sir 11:19; Jdth 12:2; JosAs 16:8) 1 Cor 9:7; 11:28; J 6:26, 50f; Rv 2:7. πίνειν Mt 26:29; Mk 14:25; J 4:13f; Rv 14:10; χορτάζειν ἔκ τινος gorge w. someth. 19:21 (s. ζ below); μετέχειν 1 Cor 10:17; λαμβάνειν (1 Esdr 6:31; Wsd 15:8) J 1:16; Rv 18:4; Hs 9, 24, 4. τὸ βρέφος … ἔλαβε μασθὸν ἐκ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ the child took its mother’s breast GJs 19:2; διδόναι (Tob 4:16; Ezk 16:17) Mt 25:8; 1J 4:13. διαδιδόναι (Tob 4:16 A) J 6:11.
    ζ. after verbs of filling: ἐπληρώθη ἐκ τῆς ὀσμῆς was filled w. the fragrance J 12:3 cp. Rv 8:5. χορτασθῆναι ἔκ τινος to be satisfied to the full w. someth. Lk 15:16. γέμειν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς be full of greed Mt 23:25.
    ⓑ in periphrasis for the gen. of price or value for (Palaeph. 45; PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.]; 119, 5 [c. 100 A.D.]; 131, 5; PLond II, 277, 9 p. 217 [23 A.D.]; BGU III, 916, 19 [I A.D.]; PAmh II, 133, 19 [II A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 14, 34; B-D-F §179) ἀγοράζειν τι ἔκ τινος Mt 27:7 (POxy 745, 2 [c. 1 A.D.] τ. οἶνον ἠγόρασας ἐκ δραχμῶν ἕξ; EpJer 24); cp. Ac 1:18; Mt 20:2.
    ⑤ marker denoting temporal sequence, from
    ⓐ of the time when someth. begins from, from … on, for, etc. ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός from birth (Ps 21:11; 70:6; Is 49:1) Mt 19:12 al.; also ἐκ γενετῆς J 9:1 (since Il. 24, 535; Od. 18, 6; s. also γενετή). ἐκ νεότητος (since Il. 14, 86; Ps 70:5; Sir 7:23; Wsd 8:2; 1 Macc 2:66; JosAs 17:4) Mk 10:20; Lk 18:21. ἐξ ἱκανῶν χρόνων for a long time 23:8. ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων a long time before 1 Cl 42:5 (cp. Epict. 2, 16, 17 ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου. Cp. ἐκ πολλοῦ Thu. 1, 68, 3; 2, 88, 2; ἐξ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν Lysias, Epitaph. 1). ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων Ac 15:21 (cp. X., Hell. 6, 1, 4 ἐκ πάντων προγόνων). ἐκ τ. αἰῶνος since the world began J 9:32 (cp. ἐξ αἰῶνος Sext. Emp., Adv. Math. 9, 76; Diod S 4, 83, 3; Aelian, VH 6, 13; 12, 64; OGI 669, 61; Sir 1:4; 1 Esdr 2:17, 21; Jos., Bell. 5, 442). ἐξ ἐτῶν ὀκτώ for eight years Ac 9:33; cp. 24:10. ἐξ ἀρχῆς (PTebt 40, 20 [117 B.C.]; Sir 15:14; 39:32; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 225; Ath. 8, 1) J 6:64. ἐκ παιδιόθεν fr. childhood Mk 9:21 (s. παιδιόθεν. Just., A I, 15, 6 ἐκ παίδων. On the use of ἐκ w. an adv. cp. ἐκ τότε POxy 486 [II A.D.]; ἐκ πρωίθεν 1 Macc 10:80).
    ⓑ of temporal sequence
    α. ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας day after day 2 Pt 2:8; 2 Cl 11:2 (cp. Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 445; Henioch. Com. 5:13 K.; Theocr. 18, 35; Gen 39:10; Num 30:15; Sir 5:7; Esth 3:7; En 98:8; 103:10).
    β. ἐκ δευτέρου for the second time, again, s. δεύτερος 2. ἐκ τρίτου Mt 26:44 (ParJer 7:8; cp. PHolm 1, 32 ἐκ τετάρτου).
    ⑥ various uses and units
    ⓐ blending of constructions, cp. Rob. 599f: ἐκ for ἐν (Hdt., Thu. et al., s. Kühner-G. I 546f; LXX, e.g. Sus 26 Theod.; 1 Macc 11:41; 13:21; Jdth 15:5) ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δώσει Lk 11:13. μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ Mt 24:17. τὴν ἐκ Λαοδικείας (ἐπιστολὴν) ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀναγνῶτε Col 4:16.
    ⓑ like the OT use of מִן: ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς God has pronounced judgment for you against her Rv 18:20 (cp. Ps 118:84; Is 1:24; En 100:4; 104:3). ἐξεδίκησεν τὸ αἷμα τ. δούλων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῆς 19:2, cp. 6:10 (both 4 Km 9:7).
    ⓒ adv. expressions (Just., A I, 2, 1 ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ‘in every way’): ἐξ ἀνάγκης (ἀνάγκη 1). ἐκ συμφώνου by mutual consent (BGU 446, 13=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 257, 13; CPR I, 11, 14 al. in pap; cp. Dssm., NB 82f [BS 225]) 1 Cor 7:5. ἐκ λύπης reluctantly 2 Cor 9:7. ἐκ περισσοῦ extremely (Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 64; Lucian, Pro Merc. Cond. 13; Da 3:22 Theod.; Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 284, 17 [-ττ]) Mk 6:51; 1 Th 5:13 v.l.; ἐκ μέτρου by measure = sparingly J 3:34. ἐκ μέρους (Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 83, 24) part by part = as far as the parts are concerned, individually 1 Cor 12:27 (distributive; cp. PHolm 1, 7 ἐκ δραχμῶν Ϛ´=6 dr. each); mostly in contrast to ‘complete’, only in part 13:9 (BGU 538, 35; 574, 10; 887, 6; 17 al. in pap; EpArist 102). ἐξ ὀνόματος individually, personally, by name IEph 20:2; IPol 4:2; 8:2.
    ⓓ ἐκ … εἰς w. the same word repeated gives it special emphasis (Plut., Galba 1058 [14, 2] ἐκ προδοσίας εἰς προδοσίαν; Ps 83:8) ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν Ro 1:17.—2 Cor 2:16 (twice).—The result and goal are thus indicated Ro 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 12, ’48, 54.—DELG s.v. ἐξ. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐκ

  • 6 γῆ

    γῆ, γῆς, ἡ (Hom.+)
    ① surface of the earth as the habitation of humanity, earth (as heavenly body: Tat. 27, 2 τῷ λέγοντι … τὴν σελήνην γῆν ‘one who says … the moon is an earth’)
    ⓐ in contrast to heaven (Heracl. Sto. 34, p. 50, 4 ἀπὸ γῆς εἰς οὐρ.; Ael. Aristid. 24, 44 K.=44 p. 838 D.: ἐκ θεῶν ἥκειν ἐπὶ γῆν; Maximus Tyr. 16, 6d ἐκ γῆς ἐπʼ οὐρανόν; Ar. 3, 1 τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς) Mt 5:18, 35; 6:10, 19; 16:19; Lk 2:14; 21:25; Col 1:16; Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26); 11:13; 2 Pt 3:5, 7, 10; AcPl Ha 1, 7; AcPlCor 2:9, 19. τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς earthly things (TestJob 48:1 τὰ τῆς γῆς φρονεῖν; Ocellus Luc. 36 γῆ κ. πάντα τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6, 5; Lucian, Vit. Auct. 18) Col 3:2, 5 (Maximus Tyr. 25, 6b: in contrast to the ἄνω the γῆ is the seat of all earthly weakness and inferiority). αἷμα δίκαιον ἐξ̣[έχεας ἐπὶ] τ̣ῆς γῆς on earth AcPl Ha 11, 8; s. also b below. Established on the waters Hv 1, 3, 4. Vanishing w. heaven at the end of time 2 Cl 16:3 and replaced by a new earth 2 Pt 3:13; Rv 21:1 (Is 65:17; 66:22).
    ⓑ as the inhabited planet (Ar. 12, 1 τῶν ἐθνῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; Just., A I, 54, 9 τὴν πᾶσαν γῆν; Appian, Mithrid. 57 §234 γῆς ἄρξειν ἁπάσης) Lk 21:35; Ac 10:12; 11:6; 17:26 et al. ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς to the remotest parts of the earth 1:8 (PsSol 1:4) difft. OSchwartz, JBL 105, ’86, 669–76 (limited to Palestine). Hence
    ② the inhabitants of the earth, people, humanity, associative sense Mt 5:13; 10:34; Lk 12:49, 51; cp. Rv 13:3. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς on earth=among people Lk 18:8; J 17:4; Ro 9:28; Eph 6:3 (Ex 20:12; Dt 5:16; En 102:5; PsSol 17:2); Js 5:5; Hs 5, 6, 6; s. also 1b. ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς from the earth=from the midst of humanity Ac 8:33 (Is 53:8; cp. PsSol 2:17; 4:22; 17:7); 22:22; Rv 14:3.
    ③ portions or regions of the earth, region, country Ac 7:3f (Gen 12:1); vs. 6 (Gen 15:13). In a territorial sense (X., An. 1, 3, 4) Israel Mt 2:20f; Gennesaret 14:34; Midian Ac 7:29; Judah Mt 2:6 (where ENestle in his critical apparatus [s. e.g. N25] listed the conjecture of JDrusius van den Driessche [†1616], γῆς, accepted by PSchmiedel, as indicated in Zürcher Bibel ’31, appendix to NT, p. 5); Zebulon and Naphtali 4:15 (Is 9:1); Judea J 3:22; AcPl Ha 8, 14; Canaan Ac 13:19; AcPl Ha 8, 14; Egypt Ac 7:36, 40; 13:17; Hb 8:9 (Jer 38:32); of the Chaldaeans Ac 7:4; native land vs. 3. The inhabitants included Mt 10:15; 11:24. ἡ γῆ abs.=Palestine Mt 27:45; Mk 15:33; Lk 4:25. On κληρονομεῖν τ. γῆν Mt 5:5; D 3:7 s. κληρονομέω 2.
    ④ dry land as opposed to sea, land (X., An. 1, 1, 7; Dio Chrys. 63 [80], 12; Sb 5103, 6 ἐν γῇ κʼ ἐν θαλάσσῃ; BGU 27, 5; PsSol 2:26, 29; Jos., Ant. 4, 125; 11, 53) Mk 4:1; 6:47; Lk 5:3, 11; J 6:21; 21:8f, 11; Ac 27:39, 43f.
    ⑤ earth-like surface that forms the bottom of a body of water, ground, bottom of the sea B 10:5.
    ⑥ earth w. ref. to limited areas and the material that forms its surface
    ⓐ of earth-surface: ground Mt 10:29 (πίπτειν ἐπὶ τ. γῆν as Jos., Ant. 7, 381); 15:35; 25:18, 25 (Artem. 2, 59 οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ τοῦ τὴν γῆν ἀνασκαφῆναι θησαυρὸς εὑρίσκεται); Mk 8:6; 9:20; 14:35; Lk 22:44; 24:5; J 8:6, 8 (writing on it as Ael. Aristid. 50, 21 K.=26 p. 508 D.); Ac 9:4, 8; GPt 6:21a. οἰκοδομεῖν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν χωρὶς θεμελίου build a house on the ground without any foundation Lk 6:49. The earth opens in the service of a divinity in order to swallow something (Quint. Smyrn. 13, 548f, a person; cp. En 99:2 ἐν τῇ γῇ καταποθήσονται; ParJer 3:19) Rv 12:16.
    ⓑ of ground for agricultural use soil, earth, receiving seed (Just., A I, 55, 3 γῆ … ἀροῦται) Mt 13:5, 8, 23; Mk 4:5, 8, 20, 26, 28, 31; J 12:24; AcPlCor 2:26; watered by rain Hb 6:7; yielding fruit (Jos., Ant. 18, 22) Js 5:7: 1 Cl 20:4. καταργεῖν τ. γῆν waste, use up the ground Lk 13:7.—Dalman, Arbeit II.—B. 17. Schmidt, Syn. III 55–69. DELG. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > γῆ

  • 7 μονογενής

    μονογενής, ές (μόνος, γένος; Hes.; LXX; PsSol 18, 4; TestSol 20:2; TestBenj 9:2; ParJer 7:26; ApcEsdr 6:16; ApcSed 9:2; Joseph., Just.; loanw. in rabb.) acc. μονογενῆ (-ῆν J 3:16 v.l.; Hb 11:17 D; also ApcEsdr 6:16)
    ① pert. to being the only one of its kind within a specific relationship, one and only, only (so mostly, incl. Judg 11:34; Tob 3:15; 8:17) of children: of Isaac, Abraham’s only son (Jos., Ant. 1, 222) Hb 11:17. Of an only son (PsSol 18:4; TestSol 20:2; ParJer 7:26; Plut., Lycurgus 59 [31, 8]; Jos., Ant. 20, 20) Lk 7:12; 9:38. Of a daughter (Diod S 4, 73, 2) of Jairus 8:42. (On the motif of a child’s death before that of a parent s. EpigrAnat 13, ’89, 128f, no. 2; 18, ’91, 94 no. 4 [244/45 A.D.]; GVI nos. 1663–69.)
    ② pert. to being the only one of its kind or class, unique (in kind) of someth. that is the only example of its category (Cornutus 27 p, 49, 13 εἷς κ. μονογενὴς ὁ κόσμος ἐστί. μονογενῆ κ. μόνα ἐστίν=‘unique and alone’; Pla., Timaeus 92c; Theosophien 181, §56, 27). Of a mysterious bird, the Phoenix 1 Cl 25:2.—In the Johannine lit. (s. also ApcEsdr and ApcSed: ὁ μονογενής υἱός; Hippol., Ref. 8, 10, 3; Did., Gen. 89, 18; ὑμνοῦμέν γε θεὸν καὶ τὸν μ. αὐτοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 8, 67, 14; cp. ἡ δύναμις ἐκείνη ἡ μ. Hippol., Ref. 10, 16, 6) μονογενὴς υἱός is used only of Jesus. The renderings only, unique may be quite adequate for all its occurrences here (so M-M., NRSV et al.; DMoody, JBL 72, ’53, 213–19; FGrant, ATR 36, ’54, 284–87; GPendrick, NTS 41, ’95, 587–600). τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μ. ἔδωκεν J 3:16 (Philo Bybl. [100 A.D.]: 790 Fgm. 2 ch. 10, 33 Jac. [in Eus., PE 1, 10, 33]: Cronus offers up his μονογενὴς υἱός). ὁ μ. υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ vs. 18; τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μ. ἀπέσταλκεν ὁ θεός 1J 4:9; cp. Dg 10:2. On the expr. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός J 1:14 s. Hdb. ad loc. and PWinter, Zeitschrift für Rel. u. Geistesgeschichte 5, ’53, 335–65 (Engl.). See also Hdb. on vs. 18 where, beside the rdg. μονογενὴς θεός (considered by many the orig.) an only-begotten one, God (acc. to his real being; i.e. uniquely divine as God’s son and transcending all others alleged to be gods) or a uniquely begotten deity (for the perspective s. J 10:33–36), another rdg. ὁ μονογενὴς υἱός is found. MPol 20:2 in the doxology διὰ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ τοῦ μονογενοῦς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Some (e.g. WBauer, Hdb.; JBulman, Calvin Theological Journal 16, ’81, 56–79; JDahms, NTS 29, ’83, 222–32) prefer to regard μ. as somewhat heightened in mng. in J and 1J to only-begotten or begotten of the Only One, in view of the emphasis on γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ θεοῦ (J 1:13 al.); in this case it would be analogous to πρωτότοκος (Ro 8:29; Col 1:15 al.).—On the mng. of μονογενής in history of religion s. the material in Hdb.3 25f on J 1:14 (also Plut., Mor. 423a Πλάτων … αὐτῷ δή φησι δοκεῖν ἕνα τοῦτον [sc. τὸν κόσμον] εἶναι μονογενῆ τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἀγαπητόν; Wsd 7:22 of σοφία: ἔστι ἐν αὐτῇ πνεῦμα νοερὸν ἅγιον μονογενές.—Vett. Val. 11, 32) as well as the lit. given there, also HLeisegang, Der Bruder des Erlösers: Αγγελος I 1925, 24–33; RBultmann J (comm., KEK) ’50, 47 n. 2; 55f.—DELG s.v. μένω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μονογενής

  • 8 συντίθημι

    συντίθημι, used by Hom. only in [voice] Med., v. infr.:—[voice] Pass. (v. infr.), but σύγκειμαι is more freq. as [voice] Pass.:—
    A place or put together,

    τὴν οὐρὴν καὶ τὸν σπλῆνα.. συνθεὶς ὁμοῦ Hdt.2.47

    , cf. 4.67;

    ὅπλα ἐν τῷ ναῷ X.HG2.3.20

    ;

    ἅπαντα εἰς ἕν E.IT 1016

    ;

    ἐν ὀλίγῳ πάντα Id.Supp. 1126

     (lyr.);

    ὁ πρῶτος συνθεὶς εἰς ταὐτὸν τὰ δύο ταῦτα βιβλίδια Gal.15.109

    ; σ. ἱμάτια, opp. ἀνασείειν, fold them together, X. Oec.10.11; σ. σκέλη, opp. ἐκτείνειν, Id.Cyn.5.10; opp. διαιρεῖσθαι, Pl.Sph. 252b; σ. ἄρθρα στόματος close the lips, E.Cyc. 625; εἰς τὸ οὖλον ( αυλον cod.) σ. τὴν κόμην, = calamistrat, Gloss.:—[voice] Pass., τὸ συντίθεσθαι καθ' ὁντινοῦν τρόπον ῥῖγος οὐκ ἀγαθόν ἐστι any sort of combination of shivering (with other symptoms), Gal.16.746.
    2 technical uses,
    a Math., add together, of numbers, Hdt.3.95 ([voice] Pass.); τό τε ἀρχαῖον καὶ τὸ ἔργον principal and interest, D.27.17, cf. 29.30: Geom., of lines and figures, Archim.Spir.Praef., Papp.70.4.
    b Math. also, of the transformation of a ratio componendo, Arist. EN 1131b8 ([voice] Pass.), Euc.5.18,24 ([voice] Pass.).
    c Logic, combine the terms of a proposition, Arist.Metaph. 1012a4, 1024b19 ([voice] Pass.); also, use the fallacy of composition (cf.

    σύνθεσις 1.2e

    ), Id.Rh. 1401a24.
    e σ. λόγον make up an account, PHib.1.48.15 (iii B.C.).
    II put together constructively, so as to make a whole, πεντηκοντέρους καὶ τριήρεας (as a bridge) Hdt.7.36; λίθους, of builders, Th.4.4, IG42(1).103.59 (Epid., iv B.C.); πλίνθους, ξύλα, X.Mem.3.1.7, etc.;

    τὰ ὄστρακα IG42(1).121.82

     (Epid., iv B.C.);

    τὰ κομισθέντα Sor. 2.64

    ;

    ἐκ τούτων τὰ μέγιστα.. συνθεὶς τοῦτον.. τὸν λόγον ποιήσομαι Hippias Eleus 6

     D.;

    συλλαβάς Pl.Cra. 424e

    .
    2 construct, frame,

    τὸ θνητὸν γένος Pl.Ti. 69d

    ; ὁ συνθείς the creator, ib. 33d:—[voice] Pass., to be constructed, of the material universe, opp. διαλύεσθαι, Arist.Cael. 304b30.
    3 construct or frame a story,

    συνθέντες λόγον Id.Ba. 297

    , cf. Ar.Ra. 1052 (anap.), Pl.Phdr. 260b;

    οἱ τὰς τέχνας τῶν λόγων συντιθέντες Arist.Rh. 1354a12

    ; narrate in writing,

    τὰ Ἑλληνικά Th.1.97

    , cf. 21; compose, σ. μύθους, ποίησιν, μελῳδίαν, ὄρχησιν, Pl.R. 377d, Phdr. 278c, Lg. 812d, 816c;

    αἴνιγμα Id.Ap. 27a

    ;

    ὁ τὴν ἐνθάδε συνθεὶς ἀνατομήν Gal.15.147

    :—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. συντέθειται ib.797;

    περὶ ὀλίγας οἰκίας αἱ.. τραγῳδίαι συντίθενται Arist.Po. 1453a19

    .
    4 Math., of the synthesis of a geometrical problem, opp. ἀναλύω, Id.SE 175a28, Papp.648.13; συντεθήσεται τὸ πρόβλημα οὕτως the synthesis of the problem will proceed thus, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.1, cf. Apollon. Perg.Con.1 Praef., 2.44, al.
    5 frame, devise, contrive, ὁ συνθεὶς τάδε the framer of this plot, S.OT 401, cf. Th.8.68;

    ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς σ. ταῦτα Antipho 5.25

    ;

    σ. λόγους ψευδεῖς Id.6.9

    ;

    ψευδεῖς αἰτίας D.25.28

    ;

    τὴν κατηγορίαν And.1.6

    , etc.; rarely in good sense,

    εὖ πρᾶγμα συντεθὲν ὄψεσθε D.18.144

    .
    6 put together, take in, comprehend,

    παιδὸς μόρον A.Supp.65

     (lyr.);

    ὄμνυ.. θεῶν συντιθεὶς ἅπαν γένος E.Med. 747

    ;

    πάσας συντιθεὶς ψέγει γυναῖκας Id.Fr. 657

    , cf. Hec. 1184: ἐν βραχεῖ ξυνθεὶς λέγω putting things shortly together, speaking briefly, S.El. 673.
    III commit to a person's care, deliver to him for his own use or that of others, PMich.Zen.2.3,14 (iii B.C.), PCair.Zen.4.23, 6.11,64, 299.9, al. (iii B.C.);

    γνώριζε οὐχ ὑπάρχον παρ' ἡμῖν ἀργύριον τοσοῦτο ὥστε ἱκανὸν συνθεῖναι Πυρρίχῳ PMich.Zen.28.18

    , cf. 32.7, PSI4.392.7, 5.524.3, 6.613.8, 7.862.1, PLille 15.3 (all iii B.C.); τινὶ ὀστᾶ, ἐπιστολάς, πλῆθος χρυσίου, etc., Plb.5.10.4, 8.17.4, 15.25.16, cf. 27.7.1, 28.22.3, IG12(5).590.12 (Ceos, ii B.C.), 11(4).1056.4 (Delos, ii B.C., cf. Jahresh.24.171), OGI345.11 (Delph., i B.C.).
    IV collect, conclude, infer, Plb. 28.17.14, Arr.Ind.34.
    B [voice] Med. συντίθεμαι, used by Hom. only in [tense] aor. 2 and in signf. 1:
    II agree on, conclude (cf. συνθήκη)

    , ἄνδρεσσι κακοῖς συνθέμενοι φιλίην Thgn.306

    ; συντίθεσθαι συμμαχίην, ὁμαιχμίην τισί, Hdt.2.181, 8.140.á;

    τὰς ξυνθήκας ἂς ξυνέθεντο IG12.117.4

    , cf. 116.27, al.;

    εἰρήνην Isoc. 15.109

    ; σ. ναῦλον agree upon the fare, X. An.5.1.12; ταῦτα συνθέμενοι having agreed on these points, Th.3.114, cf. Ar.Lys. 178, Plu.Alc.31;

    ξυνέθεσθε κοινῇ τάδε E.Ba. 807

    , cf. 808; so

    τάπερ τῷ Δαρείῳ συνεθήκατο

     with

    D.

    , Hdt.3.157;

    σ. Ἴωσι ξεινίην Id.1.27

    ;

    μισθόν τινι Pl.Grg. 520c

    ;

    σ. τι πρός τινα Hdt.7.145

    , etc.:—[voice] Pass., τοῦ συντεθέντος χρόνου agreed upon, Pl.Phdr. 254d.
    2 c. inf., covenant, agree to do,

    συνέθευ παρέχειν φωνάν Pi.P.11.41

     (dub. l.);

    σ. ἀλλήλοις μήτ' ἀδικεῖν μήτ' ἀδικεῖσθαι Pl.R. 359a

    , cf. And. 4.18, Arist.Pol. 1257a35: c. inf. [tense] fut.,

    ξυνέθεντο ἥξειν Th.6.65

    ; σ. τινί folld. by inf. [tense] fut.,

    συνθέμενοι ἡμῖν.. ἀντιώσεσθαι Hdt.9.7

    .β, cf. And.1.42: an inf. must be supplied in the phrases, κατὰ (i.e. καθ' ἃ) συνεθήκαντο, καθ' ὅτι ἂν συνθῶνται, etc., Hdt.3.86, Foed. ap. Th.5.18: also

    σ. ὡς.. Hdt.6.84

    ;

    ὡς δεῖ ἕκαστα γίγνεσθαι X.HG5.4.2

    .
    3 abs., make a covenant,

    ἔβαν συνθέμενος Pi.N.4.75

     (constr. uncertain in Alc.Supp.5.11): c. dat., Hdt.6.115, X.An.1.9.7, POxy.1668.12 (iii A.D.);

    αὐτὸς σαυτῷ συνέθου Pl.Cra. 435a

    ; συνθέσθαι πρός τινα come to terms with him, Decr. ap. D.18.187, POxy.908.18 (ii/iii A.D.);

    περί τινος πρὸς ἀλλήλους D.S.1.98

    ; also, bet, wager, Thphr. HP9.17.2, Men.Epit. 288;

    πρός τινας Plu.Alc.8

    .
    4 vote with, support,

    τούτοις Lys.Fr.68

    , cf. Call.Epigr.1.14, D.H.Isoc.18, Paus. 4.15.2;

    τοῖς ἀπὸ Ἡροφίλου Sor.2.53

    ; assent to,

    πᾶσι τοῖς προκειμένοις PFay.34.20

     (ii A.D.);

    ἵνα μὴ δόξω συνθέσθαι τῇ τοῦ πραγματικοῦ ἀγνοίᾳ POxy.78.23

     (iii A.D.).
    5 conclude, infer (cf. A. IV), Stoic.2.63, Phld.Sign.2, al.:—[voice] Pass., τὰ ὕστερον -τεθησόμενα ib.28.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συντίθημι

  • 9 κάμπτω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `bend, bow, curve' (Il., IA.).
    Other forms: fut. κάμψω, aor. κάμψαι, pass. καμφθῆναι (A., Th.; v. l. Ι 158), perf. pass. κεκάμφθαι (Hp.),
    Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συν-; as 1. member e. g. in καμψί-πους adjunct of Έρινύς (A. Th. 791 [lyr.]), meaning uncertain,
    Derivatives: Substant. 1. ( ἀνα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συγ-)καμπή `bow, curvature' (IA.) with κάμπιμος `bent' (E. IT 81, verse end; after πομπή: πόμπιμος, s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 81); ἐπικάμπ-ιος `forming an ἐπικαμπή, bow, bend', milit. a. building techn. expression (Ph. Bel., Plb.). 2. ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, συγ- etc.) κάμψις `bow, curving' (IA.); s. Schwyzer 444 n. 11. 3. καμπτήρ, - ῆρος m. "bender, curver", as milit. and sport-term `bend, turning-point of the racing course' (X., Arist., Herod.) with καμπτήριος (sch.). 4. περικάμπτης `tergiversator' (gloss.). - Adject. 5. καμπύλος `bent, curved' (Il.; after ἀγκύλος, Chantraine Formation 250) with καμπύλη f. `crook' (Ar., Plu.), καμπουλίρ (= καμπυλίς) ἐλαίας εἶδος. Λάκωνες H., καμπυλότης `being curved' (Hp., Arist.), καμπύλλω `curve' (Hp.), also καμπυλεύομαι, καμπυλόομαι (medic.), καμπυλιάζω (Phot., Suid.); poet. lengthening καμπυλόεις (AP; Schwyzer 527). 6. ἐπι-, περι-καμπής `curved', from ἐπι-, περι-κάμπτω (vgl. Chantraine 426f., Strömberg Prefix Studies 101). 7. καμπτικός `flexible' (Arist., Poll.). 8. καμψόν καμπύλον H.; after γαμψός? (cf. Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434, Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 46ff.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: This root, which is well represented in Greek, has a verbal stem καμπ- without ablaut, with the primary verbal noun καμπ-ή (with καμπ-ύλος?) and κάμπ-τω with κάμψαι etc., and has in the other languages scattered nominal representatives, partly in metaph. meanings and therefore not always certain: Latv. kampis `curved wood, hook for a kettle', Lith. kam̃pas `corner, side, hidden place', also `curved wood at the collar (of a horse)', with which agree both Lat. campus `field' (prop. `(bow) Biegung, (lower field) Niederung'?) and a German. adj. `mutilated, lame', e. g. Goth. hamfs. "Beside it stands with final -b (cf. on σκαμβός) a Celtic adjective `curved', OIr. camm etc. (\< * cambo-; to which Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 3, 231 connects the brook- and place-name Kobenz \< * Kambantia); cf. further Campona GN in Pannonia). - Further there are in Baltic several words for `curved etc.' with u-vowel, Lith. kum̃pas `curved', Latv. kùmpt `become bent, verschrumpfen' a. o., which may have a reduced vowel-grade, but at the same time have a popular character and therefore can only be added here with reserve." The same applies perhaps even more to a few Skt. words: kumpa- `lame in the hand' (lex.) and, because of the meaning, Skt. kampate `tremble'; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s.vv." More forms in Pok. 525, W.-Hofmann s. campus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kam̃pas. - From κάμψαι perh. Lat. campsāre `sail around, bend off' (Span. cansar etc., Rice Lang. 19, 154ff.); from καμπή Lat.-Rom. camba, gamba (see Fohalle Mélanges Vendryes 157ff., Kretschmer Glotta 16, 166f.) and Alb. kāmbë `leg, foot' (Mann Lang. 17, 19 and 26, 380); from καμπύλος Osman. kambur `hump, humpy' \> NGr. καβούρης (Maidhof Glotta 10, 10); in Byz. γαμματίζω = κάμπτω, - ομαι Amantos assumes (s. Kretschmer Glotta 16, 179) a noun *γάμμα, *κάμμα. - I have maintained here Frisk's discussion, as it shows clearly how unreliable the material is; it is rather from a substratum language. To this comes that IE would require a form * kh₂mp-, a type that is quite rare. The conclusion can only be that καμπ- is of Pre-Greek origin. - Cf. on γαμψός and γνάμτω, for which I also arrived at this conclusion.
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  • 10 Μαγνησία

    Μαγνησία, ας, ἡ (Hdt. et al.; ins) Magnesia, a city in Asia Minor a short distance southeast of Ephesus, IMg ins. A temple of Artemis was one of its adornments. In order to differentiate this city from Magnesia in Thessaly, which was considered its mother (OGI 503 Μάγνητες οἱ πρὸς τῷ Μαιάνδρῳ ποταμῷ, ἄποικοι ὄντες Μαγνήτων τῶν ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ, also the notes; SIG 636 and1157), and fr. another Magnesia in Asia Minor near Mt. Sipylus (OGI 501, 13; 229 s. note 12; for the ins s. IMagnSip), it is called Magnesia on the Maeander, despite the fact that it lies on the Lethaeus, about 6½ km. distant fr. the Maeander. The name of the river is usu. added w. a prep., in our passage πρός w. dat., as also in OGI 229, 84; 503 (s. above); IMagnMai 40, 11 and 16; 44, 4; 101, 8. An inhabitant of the city is called Μάγνης, ητος (Hdt. et al. in lit.; also on ins and coins [cp. the material in Lghtf. on IMg ins, also OGI 12; 231; 232; 234; 319; 501. For reff. to the name s. IMagnMai index III p. 206]); not Μαγνησιεύς (v.l.) or Μαγνήσιος (the longer form in Ignatius).—Pauly-W. XIV 471f; Kl. Pauly III 885f. PECS 544.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Μαγνησία

  • 11 σαίνω

    σαίνω (Hom. et al.)
    ① prim., of dogs, ‘wag the tail’ (Hom. et al.), hence to try to win favor by an ingratiating manner, fawn upon, flatter (so Trag. et al.; Antig. Car. 172 σαίνειν φιλοφρόνως; Jos., Bell. 6, 336). It is in this direction that many prefer to take the mng. of the pass. in the only place in our lit. where the word occurs, 1 Th 3:3 τὸ μηδένα σαίνεσθαι (ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσιν ταύταις) so that no one might be deceived (PSchmidt, Schmiedel, Wohlenberg, GMilligan, CWilliams, Frame ad loc., also Zahn, Einl.3 I 158f). It is prob. that the misfortunes of the new converts would provide opportunity for Paul’s opponents to show them exceptional kindness and so perh. beguile them into adopting their own views. Others, following the ancient versions and the Gk. interpreters prefer to understand ς. in the sense
    ② to cause to be emotionally upset, move, disturb, agitate (Soph., Ant. 1214 παιδός με σαίνει φθόγγος; Diog. L. 8, 41 οἱ σαινόμενοι τοῖς λεγομένοις ἐδάκρυον.—In Stoic. III 231, 8f σαίνεσθαι is = ‘be carried away w. someth.’), so that no one might be shaken or disturbed (Bornemann, vDobschütz [p. 133f n. 3 the material necessary for understanding the word is brought together], MDibelius, Steinmann, Oepke ad loc., NRSV; HChadwick, JTS n.s. 1, ’50, 156ff). On the construction s. B-D-F §399, 3; Rob. 1059; also EbNestle, ZNW 7, 1906, 361f; GMercati, ZNW 8, 1907, 242; RPerdelwitz, StKr 86, 1913, 613ff; AKnox, JTS 25, 1924, 290f; RParry, ibid. 405; IHeikel, StKr 106, ’35, 316.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σαίνω

  • 12 κισσύβιον

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: name of a wooden drinking-cup (Od., Theoc., Call.; on the matter Brommer Herm. 77, 358 and 365f.),
    Other forms: also κισσύφιον (IG 22: 1424a, 265; after the dimin. in - ύφιον).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Like so many names of pots etc. etymologically unclear. By the ancients connected with κισσός, either after the material (Eumolp. ap. Ath. 11, 477a) or after the ornament (Poll. 6, 97); the formation remains unclear; cf. Mastrelli Studitfilclass. N. S. 23, 97ff., who points to the many foreign words with β-suffix. Pre-Greek because of the variation, as Schwyzer 316 and 470 and Debrunner, Eberts RL 4:2, $ 46; Fur. 170.
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  • 13 ταπείνωσις

    ταπείνωσις, εως, ἡ (ταπεινόω; Pla., Aristot. et al.; OGI 383, 201 [I B.C.]; LXX, Test12Patr; JosAs 11:1; 13:1 cod. A [p. 57, 1 Bat. al.]; Philo, Joseph.).
    ① experience of a reversal in fortunes, humiliation as an experience (Epict. 3, 22, 104; PsSol 2:35; TestJud 19:2; Jos., Bell. 2, 604, Ant. 2, 234) Ac 8:33; 1 Cl 16:7 (both Is 53:8). καυχάσθω ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ let the rich man boast (said in irony) in his comedown/downfall Js 1:10 (BWeiss, Beyschlag, Windisch, MDibelius, FHauck). In Diod S 11, 87, 2 ταπείνωσις is the limitation placed upon the financial worth of a wealthy man. Petosiris, Fgm. 6 lines 5; 11; 29 the word means the humiliation or depression caused by severe external losses, someth. like a breakdown.
    ② an unpretentious state or condition, lowliness, humility, humble station (Diod S 2, 45, 2; Horapollo 1, 6; TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 20 [Stone p. 70, opp. ὕψος]) Hb 11:20 D. ἐπιβλέπειν ἐπὶ τὴν ταπ. τινος look upon someone’s humble station i.e. show concern for someone in humble circumstances Lk 1:48 (cp. 1 Km 1:11; 9:16; Ps 30:8.—HToxopeüs, Lc. 1:48a: TT 45, 1911, 389–94). τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπ. the humble body, of the material body in contrast to the glorified body Phil 3:21.
    ③ a self-abasing demeanor, self-abasement, mortification (ταπεινόω 4) w. νηστεία (cp. PsSol 3:8; TestJos 10:2; JosAs 11:1) 1 Cl 53:2; 55:6.—DELG s.v. ταπεινός. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ταπείνωσις

  • 14 ἄσφαλτος

    Grammatical information: f. (m.)
    Meaning: `asphalt, bitumen' (Hdt.).
    Other forms: - ον n.
    Derivatives: ἀσφάλτιον `treacle clover, Psoralea bituminosa' (Dsc.; after the smell, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 62); ἀσφαλτῖτις `bituminous' ( βῶλος etc., Str., Redard Les noms grecs en - ίτης 108); ἀσφαλτωδεύομαι `cover with a.'. - ἀσφαλτόω `smear with a.' (LXX).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Generally taken as negative verbal adjective of σφάλλεσθαι, as the material that protects walls from σφάλλεσθαι. Diels KZ 47, 207ff., who finds no Semitic etymologies. For the `causative' meaning of the verbal adjective one compares ἀμέθυστος; still, this point makes the etymology weak. Chantr. notes `qui empêche de glisser, de tomber, le produit étant employé comme mortier (ce qui n'est pas à l'origine un procédé grec).' The etymology is improbable; rather a substr. word; Diels noted that sources occur everywhere, e.g. on Zakynthos and near Dyrrhachium..
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  • 15 κλαγγή

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `sound, sharp sound, cry of an animal' etc. (Il.), also κλαγγόν `id.' (Babr.),
    Other forms: Dat. also κλαγγ-ί (Ibyc. 56; s. below)
    Derivatives: κλαγγηδόν `with crying' (Β 463; Haas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 133), κλαγγώδης `full of sound, shrill' (Hp., Gal.). Besides κλάζω, also with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, ἐκ-, aor. κλάγξαι `sound, resound, cry' (Il.), also κλαγεῖν (B. 16, 127, h. Hom. 19, 14, E. u. a.), fut. κλάγξω (A.), perf. κεκλήγοντες (Aeolising) and κεκληγώς, - ῶτες (Hom.; Schwyzer 540 n. 4, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 430f.), κέκλᾱγα (Alcm. 7), κέκλαγγα (Ar., X.), perfect future κεκλάγξομαι (Ar.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Isolated presents: κλαγγαίνω (A. Eu. 131), - άνω (S.), - έω (Theoc. Ep. 6, 5), - άζω (Poll., Porph.). - To κλαγεῖν: κλαγερός `crying' (AP). As yot-present κλάζω may come from *κλάγγ-ι̯ω from a root noun κλάγγ-, which is seen in κλαγγ-ί (or innovation?); but it could also be a primary nasal present, with - ζω from the sound-verbs ( ὀλολύζω, οἰμώζω a. o.; cf. Schwyzer 716). The non-present forms κλάγξαι, κλάγξω, κέκλαγγα are anyhow innovations. In function κλαγγ-ή is a verbal noun (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 11f.). In κλαγεῖν and κέκληγα original primary nasalless forms may have been preserved, but analogical innovation with loss of the nsal is not impossible (Leumann Celtica 3, 248). - A direct comparison (except for - ζω) is Lat. clangō `cry' (almost only present), with which OIc. hlakka `cry' (with assimilation nk \> kk) may agree. The words belong to a widespread group of soundword (but καλεῖν and κέλαδος do not belong here; cf. the material in Bq, Pok. 599f., W.-Hofmann s. clangō. Note that an IE * klag- is impossible (* klh₂g- wouldhave given in Greek *κλᾱγ-; a form * klh₂eng- gives *καλαγγ-). Schwyzer 692 assumes expressive nasalization, but this does not help as *κλαγ- cannot be generated. Cf. Fur. 274. Is the basic form Pre-Greek?
    See also: - S. auch κλώζω.
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  • 16 ἁρμόζω

    ἁρμόζω fut. 3 sg. ἁρμόσει Eccl 17:7; 1 aor. ἥρμοσα, mid. ἡρμοσάμην. Pass.: 1 aor. ἡρμόσθην; pf. ἥρμοσμαι (s. ἁρμογή; Hom.+; on the spelling s. Crönert 135; 245).
    ① to be appropriate as part of a whole, fit, fit in intr.τινί with someth. (Diod S 23, 12, 1; PSI 442, 12 [III B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 3, 516; cp. C. Ap. 2, 188; Just., D. 67, 10) of stones in a building ἁ. τοῖς λοιποῖς fit in w. the others Hs 9, 7, 2; cp. v 3, 7, 6. For this ἁ. μετὰ τῶν λοιπῶν λίθων Hs 9, 7, 4; ἁ. εἴς τι fit into someth. v 3, 2, 8; 3, 6, 5; 3, 7, 5; Hs 9, 9, 3.
    ② to bring into close association, join trans. (Maximus Tyr. 15, 3a λίθους; Jos., Ant. 6, 189 a stone into a sling; φθόγγους Ath. 16, 2) τὶ εἴς τι Hs 9, 8, 4. Pass. Hv 3, 2, 6; Hs 9, 4, 2f; 9, 8, 5ff; 9, 9, 4; 9, 15, 4.—Harmonize, pass. be harmonized μετακόσμια ἁρμόζεται are harmonized Dg 12:9 (text uncertain, s. μετακόσμιος). τὰ πρὸς τ. πυρὰν ἡρμοσμένα ὄργανα the material (wood) or instruments of wood prepared for the pyre MPol 13:3 (cp. Just., D. 19, 6 ἁρμοσάμενος πρὸς τὸν λαόν; s. ὄργανον).—Of betrothal and marriage join or give in marriage, betroth (t.t. Pind., Hdt.+ [Nägeli 25]; Pr 19:14; Jos., Ant. 20, 140), mid. ἁρμόζεσθαι τ. θυγατέρα τινός become engaged to someone’s daughter (cp. POxy 906, 7). The mid. is used for the act. in one isolated case (B-D-F §316, 1) ἡρμοσάμην ὑμᾶς ἑνὶ ἀνδρί I betrothed you to one man 2 Cor 11:2 (cp. Parthenius 6, 3; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 67 τὸν πιστόν, ᾧ τὴν Αἰθιόπισσαν αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς ἡρμόσατο, Abr. 100; s. Mlt. 160).—Batey, NT Nuptial Imagery, ’71.—DELG s.v. ἅρμα. M-M. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἁρμόζω

  • 17 κιβώριον

    A seed-vessel of the κολοκασία, a kind of Nvmphaea, containing the κύαμος Αἰγύπτιος, Nic.Fr.81.3, D.S.1.34, POxy.105.18 (ii A.D.);

    κ. ἢ κιβώτιον Dsc.2.106

    ; of the plant itself, Sor.1.57.
    II cup, either from the material or the shape, Did. ap. Ath. 11.477f, Hegesand.21; used liturgically, PMag.Par.1.1110.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κιβώριον

  • 18 ἄστυ

    ἄστυ, τό, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. gen. εος (disyll. in Semon.7.74), [dialect] Att. and Trag. εως ( ἄστεος is never required by the metre, ἄστεως (trisyll.) is necessary in E.Or. 761, Ph. 842, El. 246, and is the only form found in [dialect] Att. Inscrr., as IG2.584.7, 22.463.76; it is a disyll. in E.El. 298, Ba. 840): pl.,
    A

    ἄστη Id.Supp. 952

    ;

    ἄστεα Hdt.1.5

    :—town,

    ἄ. μέγα Πριάμοιο Il.2.332

    , al.: with name in gen., Σουσίδος, Σούσων ἄ., A.Pers. 119, 535;

    ἄ. Θήβης S.OC 1372

    , Tr. 1154, etc.
    2 lower town, opp. acropolis, Hdt.1.176, al.
    II in Attica, town (i.e. Athens), opp. ἀγρός ( country), mostly without Art.,

    στυγῶν μὲν ἄ. Ar.Ach.33

    ;

    ἐξ ἄστεως νῦν εἰς ἀγρὸν χωρῶμεν Id.Fr. 107

    ; ἔγημα.. ἄγροικος ὢν ἐξ ἄστεως I married a town girl, Id.Nu.47;

    τῶν κατ' ἄστυ πραγμάτων Men.Georg. Fr.4

    : also with Art.,

    πρὸς τὸ ἄ. Pl.R. 327b

    , 328c, al.
    2 Athens, opp. Phalerum or Piraeus, Id.Smp. 172a, D.20.12, Arist.Pol. 1303b12, al.; τὸ ἄστυ τῆς πόλεως, opp. Piraeus, Lycurg.18; ἄρχοντος ἐν ἄστει, opp. ἐν Σαλαμῖνι, IG2.594.
    3 in Egypt, Alexandria, PHal.1.89 (iii B. C.), St.Byz. s.v. ἄστυ, etc.
    III town in the material sense, opp. πόλις ( the civic body), Il.17.144.
    IV Adv. ἄστυδε (q. v.). (ϝάστυ, cf.

    ϝασστυόχος IG5(2).77

     ([place name] Tegea): gen. ϝάστιος ib.7.3170 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.): but prob. not cogn. with Skt. ua/sati 'dwell', which has e in the root.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄστυ

  • 19 Ἑρμῆς

    Ἑρμῆς, οῦ, ὁ, nom.
    A

    Ἑρμῆς Od.5.54

    , etc.: acc.

    Ἑρμῆν 8.334

    , etc., [dialect] Ion.

    Ἑρμέην Hdt.5.7

    , late

    Ἑρμῆ CIG5094

     ([place name] Nubia): dat.

    Ἑρμῇ Od.14.435

    ,

    Ἑρμέᾳ Il.5.390

    : voc.

    Ἑρμῆ h.Hom.18.12

    , A.Pers. 629, Eu.90: [dialect] Ep. gen.

    Ἑρμέω h.Merc. 413

    , h.Ven. 148, Hdt.5.7, etc.; lengthd.

    Ἑρμείω Il.15.214

    :—[dialect] Ep. nom. [full] Ἑρμείας, Od.1.42, al., IG5(2).558 (Arc.), acc.

    - αν Od.1.38

    , 5.28, al.; later [full] Ἑρμείης, Call.Dian.69, etc.; gen.

    Ἑρμείαο Od.12.390

    , 15.319,

    Ἑρμεία AP7.480

     (Leon.); dat.

    Ἑρμείᾳ IG12.631

     (vi B. C.); voc.

    Ἑρμεία Od.5.29

    , al.:—[dialect] Boeot. and [dialect] Dor. nom. [full] Ἑρμᾶς, gen. ᾶ, Corinn. Supp.2.57, Pi.P.2.10, etc., voc.

    Ἑρμᾶ A.Fr. 384

    , acc. Ἑρμᾶν ib. 273: also [full] Ἑρμάων [pron. full] [ᾱ], Hes. Fr.23, Bion Fr.7. 8, AP4.3b.64 (Agath.):—[var] contr. [full] Ἑρμάν (not [suff] ἑρμην-ᾶν), ᾶνος, Call.Fr.32 P., IG5(2).360, al.(Arc.),ib.5(1).1390.33 (Andania, i B.C.),Supp.Epigr. 2.165 ([place name] Laconia): Thess. dat.

    Ἑρμαίου IG9(2).716

     (dub.), Ἑρμάου ib. 715, al., Ἑρμάο ib.471, Ἑρμᾶ ib.356: Cret. acc.

    Ἑρμάον Schwyzer 179a

    :—Hermes, son of Zeus and Maia, Od.5.28, 14.435, Hes.Th. 938, etc.
    2 pillar surmounted by bust, at Athens and elsewhere, And.1.37, Th.6.27, etc.;

    τῶν ἱερῶν Ἑρμῶν IG12(8).188.14

     ([place name] Samothrace) ; as a decorative piece, with two faces, Keil-Premerstein Dritter Bericht117: Ἑ. τρικέφαλος, τετρακέφαλος, Hsch.
    3 ὁ τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ ἀστήρ the planet Mercury, Pl.Ti. 38d, Epin. 987b, Arist.Mete. 342b33, Metaph. 1073b32, Thphr.Sign.46, etc.: later Ἑρμῆς, ὁ, in same sense, Placit.2.32.1, Plu.2.1028b, Cleom.2.7 : hence,

    Ἑρμοῦ ἡμέρα D.C.37.19

    .
    4 Ἑρμαῖ· παραφυάδια δένδρων ἄχρηστα, Hsch.
    5 cake in the shape of a κηρυκεῖον, Schwyzer694 (Chios, iv B.C.), Hsch.
    II prov. and phrases:
    1 Ἑρμῆν ἕλκειν to make a last effort, from the parting cup at a feast being drunk to Hermes, Stratt.22.
    2

    κοινὸς Ἑρμῆς

     shares in your luck !

    Arist. Rh. 1401a21

    , Thphr.Char.30.9, Men.Epit.67,etc.
    3 ἐν τῷ λίθῳ Ἑρμῆς, of the actual potentially in the material, Arist.Metaph. 1002a22, 1017b7.
    4 Ἑρμῆς ἐπεισελήλυθε 'Hermes is come in', a saying used when conversation suddenly ceased, Plu.2.502f.
    5 τὸ Ἑρμοῦ ῥαβδίον, like 'Fortunatus' cap', Arr.Epict.3.20.12.
    6Ἑρμοῦ βοτάνιον, Ἑρμοῦ πόα,=λινόζωστις, Dsc.4.189, Plin.HN25.38.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Ἑρμῆς

  • 20 αἰγανέη

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `hunting spear, javelin' (Il.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: For the suffix cf. the names of trees and animal skins in - έη, - έα, μηλέη, πτελέη, κυνέη usw. (Chantr. Form. 91f.). If named after the material, one compares `oak' PGm. * aik-, PIE * aig-, supposed also in αἰγίλωψ (q.v.) and Lat. aesculus; Schrader KZ 30, 461f. Trümpy Krieger. Fachausdrücke 52, 57 explains that it was thrown by a strap; further Vretska Gymnasium 61, 1954, 419. On that basis, Laser Gymnasium 60 (1953) 115-121 connects it with PIE * h₂eig- `move (oneself)', Skt. éjati, for which αἶγες κύματα (s. αἴξ) is compared. Improbable; if ej- belongs to iṅg- ( EWAia I\/264), the root had a labio-velar, which makes the connection impossible. To αἰχμή Bechtel Lex.
    Page in Frisk: 1,30

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἰγανέη

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